西南喀斯特区贫困空间剥夺的识别及空间格局分析

西南喀斯特区是生态环境脆弱和多维贫困复合区域,研究该区域的贫困空间剥夺有助于揭示特定区域的贫困原因和空间分布,为制定减贫措施提供理论依据。该文在引入贫困空间剥夺概念的基础上,构建贫困空间剥夺指标体系,运用空间自相关、热点分析和地理探测器等方法,对云南省罗平县153个行政村进行了贫困空间剥夺识别和空间格局研究。结果表明:罗平县贫困空间剥夺程度较深,自然剥夺、经济剥夺、生态剥夺、能力剥夺和机会剥夺5个维度和多维贫困空间剥夺的程度均以中高度剥夺为主;贫困空间剥夺集聚性较强,存在6个高值集聚区和1个低值集聚区;空间格局分布地域性明显,单维度贫困空间剥夺分布呈现不同的空间形态特征,多维贫困空间剥夺呈现"中心低、外围高"的空间结构;最后,针对5个重点贫困空间剥夺区域提出了政策建议,为统筹城乡贫困治理和实施乡村振兴战略提供科学参考。

Identification and spatial pattern analysis of poverty spatial deprivation in Karst Region of Southwest China

The Karst region of Southwest China is a complex region with a fragile ecological environment and multi-dimensional poverty. Research on the spatial deprivation and spatial pattern of multi-dimensional poverty in this region is conducive to revealing the causes of poverty in specific regions, thus providing a theoretical basis for formulating poverty control measures. Based on introducing the concept of poverty spatial deprivation, this paper constructed the index system of poverty spatial deprivation, and studied the identification and spatial pattern of poverty spatial deprivation in 153 administrative villages in Luoping County, Yunnan Province by means of spatial autocorrelation, hot-spot analysis and geographical detector. The results show that Luoping County has a deep level of poverty spatial deprivation, as the dimensions of natural deprivation, economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty are mainly in a medium-high degree deprivation. Among them, natural deprivation is mainly in a medium level of deprivation, while economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation are mainly in a high level of deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty is mainly in a medium and high level of deprivation. Moreover, the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty has a strong degree of agglomeration with 6 high-value agglomeration areas at the county boundaries, 1 low-value agglomeration area at the county center, and 2 outlier areas at the urban-rural junction, thus the distribution of poverty spatial deprivation has a significant positive correlation.Besides, poverty spatial deprivation has a significant difference in the distribution of spatial pattern, as different dimensions of poverty spatial deprivation present different morphological characteristics: the spatial distribution index of the natural deprivation presents a core-peripheral structure, the spatial distribution index of the economic deprivation gradually increases outward at a 45° axis from the center of the city to the northwest of the city, the spatial distribution index of the ecological deprivation presents a double-core structure, the spatial distribution index of the opportunity deprivation presents a "lv (Chinese character)" structure, the spatial distribution index of the ability deprivation presents a structure of "one main and several subsidiaries" and the spatial distribution index of the multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation presents a structure of "low center and high periphery". In addition, among forces that determine the effect of uni-dimensional deprivation on multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation, opportunity deprivation has the strongest determining force, followed by ability deprivation and natural deprivation and ecological deprivation are relatively weak, and the interaction between any two single dimensions is greater than the effect of a single dimension, which indicates that there is a two-factor enhancement between two single dimensions. Finally, in conjunction with the 5 key identified areas of poverty spatial deprivation areas, different categories of policies and suggestions are proposed to provide scientific references for the study of the coordination between urban and rural poverty control and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.