基于侵蚀因子显性变化的区域水蚀动态监管方法研究

[目的]本着综合监管要完善机制、强化手段、严格追责的基本目标,提出一套基于侵蚀因子显性变化的区域水蚀动态监管方法,为制定精准的监督执法、检查、督导和违法违规查处的政策提供有效的方法支撑和精细的数据支持。[方法]在全面分析当前水土流失监管主要工作进展与存在问题的基础上,基于高分遥感影像、水土保持治理工程和生产建设项目前期设计资料等高空间精度、高现势性的数据,以土壤侵蚀地块为单元,精细识别侵蚀因子发生显性变化的对象,科学计算水土流失强度和面积的变化,查清引起变化的原因。[结果]侵蚀因子显性变化是指区域内某种或几种土壤侵蚀因子在局部发生变化,并呈现出显著的可被识别、可被监视的明确特征;显性变化集中体现在地块的地表坡度、土地利用类型、水土保持措施、植被覆盖度等变化。[结论]基于侵蚀因子显性变化的水土流失动态监管的技术和方法,尤其适用于年际间水土流失动态监测及其后续的监督管理。

A Study on Methods for Dynamic Monitoring and Supervision of Regional Water Erosion Based on Marked Changes in Soil Erosion Factors

[Objective] We aimed to study and put forward methods for the dynamic monitoring and supervision of regional water erosion based on marked changes in soil erosion factors, this is for improving the mechanism and strengthen the means and strict accountability of their comprehensive supervision, in order to provide effective methods and fine data for formulating precise policies regarding supervision, law enforcement, inspection, supervision, and illegal investigation.[Methods] Based on a comprehensive analysis of the main work progress and existing problems in current soil erosion supervision, using high spatial accuracy and high-potential data, such as high-score remote sensing images, pre-design data of soil and water conservation control projects, and production and construction projects, we took soil erosion plots as units to accurately identify the marked changes in soil erosion factors, interpreted and recognized the marked changes in erosion factors, scientifically calculated the changes in soil erosion intensity and area, and determined the causes of the changes.[Results] The marked changes in erosion factors refer to the local change to a number of soil erosion factors in the region, which presents obvious identifiable and monitorable characteristics. The marked changes are mainly reflected in the changes in land surface gradient, land use type, soil and water conservation measures, vegetation coverage, and so on.[Conclusion] The present technology and methods for the dynamic monitoring of soil erosion based on marked changes in erosion factors are especially suitable for the interannual monitoring of soil erosion and its follow-up supervision and management.