宽垄沟播种植模式对夏玉米生长发育及水分利用率的影响

探讨水地条件下种植模式对夏玉米产量及水分利用的影响,为夏玉米节水种植高产稳产栽培提供依据。以玉米品种"登海685"为试验材料,研究宽垄沟播和等行距平播模式下不同种植密度(6.00,6.75,7.50万株/hm~2)对夏玉米生长发育、产量、养分吸收及水分利用率的影响。结果表明:沟播种植模式较平播增加玉米植株株高,使茎粗和单株干物质重降低。沟播模式的穗性状比平播处理较优,单穗重增加,且受种植密度影响较小,表现出明显的边行优势。沟播模式的玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量始终高于平播处理,生育期延长,为后期籽粒形成提供了物质保障。在种植密度为7.50万株/hm~2时,沟播模式夏玉米产量最高。沟播模式下夏玉米灌水量较平播减少52.9%,灌水时间减少50.1%,日均蒸发量减少,且水分含量高于平播处理,使灌溉水利用效率提高139.5%,水分利用效率平均提高16.7%。可见,宽垄沟播是夏玉米增产增效的一种节水种植模式,明显提高玉米水分利用效率。

Effects of Wide Ridge and Furrow Planting on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

The effects of planting model on the water use efficiency and yield composition of summer maize under irrigated land conditions were discussed in order to provide a basis for high and stable yield cultivation of summer maize. Denghai 685 was used as the experimental material, the effects of different planting densities (6.00×10⁴, 6.75×10⁴, 7.50×10⁴ plants/hm²) on the growth and development, yield, nutrient absorption and water utilization rate of summer maize under wide ridge and furrow planting and equal row spacing horizontal planting models were studied. The results showed that the furrow planting increased the plant height and reduced the stem diameter and dry matter weight per plant. For the summer maize of furrow planting mode, the panicle traits were better than that of planar planting, single panicle weight increased, and was less affected by planting density, showing obvious edge row advantage. The relative chlorophyll content of maize leaves in furrow planting mode was always higher than that in planar planting mode, and the growth period was extended, which provided material guarantee for the later grain formation. When the planting density was 7.50×10⁴ plants/hm², summer maize yield in furrow planting mode was the highest. In the furrow planting mode, the irrigation water amount of summer maize decreased by 52.9% compared with planter planting, the irrigation time decreased by 50.1%, the average daily evaporation reduced, and the water content was higher than that of the planter planting. As a result, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water increased by 139.5% and the average water utilization efficiency increased by 16.7%. Wide ridge and furrow planting was a water-saving planting mode for increasing yield and efficiency of summer maize, which could significantly improve water use efficiency of maize.