嗜水气单胞菌、爱德华氏菌灭活菌苗免疫保护及药物治疗试验

嗜水气单胞菌、爱德华氏菌培养物经甲醛灭活后，制成灭活油乳剂苗、灭活菌苗、饵料吸附型疫苗，免疫罗非鱼2周后，分别以嗜水气单胞菌、爱德华氏菌活菌液攻毒，结果显示，注射型疫苗均优于口服型，其中嗜水气单胞菌以腹腔注射0．1mL嗜水气单胞菌灭活菌苗＋0．3mL生理盐水的效果最佳，免疫保护率为85．0％；而爱德华氏菌以腹腔注射0．4mL灭活油乳剂苗效果最佳，免疫保护率为90．0％。两者的药物治疗试验结果显示，以氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氟哌酸治疗罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌病、爱德华氏菌病均有一定效果，对减少发病率及死亡率、控制病情具有较好作用，其中以氟苯尼考的疗效最佳，其用量为20mg／kgH2O。

Protective immunity in tilapia against inactivated bacterin of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella and controlling effects of antibacterial medicines

The colonies of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella strains were cultured on nutrition broth medium for 24 h at 28℃, the strain solution was colleted and inactivated with formaldehyde solution for 2 days for the preparation of inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccine, inactivated bacterin and bait-absorbed vaccine. The tilapia was immunized with three inactivated bacterin for two weeks and injected with live strain solution of Aeromonas hydropbila and Edwardsiella. The re- suits showed that the immune effects of inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccine and inactivated bacterin were better than that of bait-absorbed vaccine. Out of all treatments, injecting 0.1 mL inactivated bacterin and 0.3 mL normal saline injected to Aemmonas hydrophila and 0.4mL inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccine to Edwardsiella were found to be the best at 85.0% and 90.0% of vaccine protective rate, respectively. The antibiotics therapy testing showed that florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin had good therapeutic effects on tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella for decreasing the incidence rate and death rate, and among them, 20 mg/kg H2O florfenicol was found to be the best in controlling these two pathogens.