基于集对分析的华北地区气温、降水组合空间分布规律研究

区域气温、降水的空间组合分布特征对农业生产和资源利用具有重要影响。基于1960-2019年华北地区40个气象站逐日降水量和平均气温数据,采用标准化降水量指数(SPI)确定不同降水年型(涝年、正常、旱年),采用积温距平确定不同温度年型(高温、平温、低温),利用集对分析法分析华北地区60年间的气温、降水组合空间分布规律。结果显示:研究区高温年较多的站点低温年发生频次也较高,总体而言在中部地区高温年发生频次较低;涝年发生频次在研究区北部和东部地区较高,不同站点之间差异较高温年和低温年小,但同样空间分布无明显规律;温度和降水的联系度在空间上具有明显的由西南部地区向北部和沿海地区降低的趋势,产生的主要原因是北部和沿海地区高温干旱和低温洪涝这两种对立特征年型发生频率较高。研究结果对于了解研究区水热分布状况,指导防灾减灾、农业规划布局等具有一定的意义。

A Study of the Spatial Distribution of Temperature and Precipitation Combination in North China Based on Set Pair Analysis

The spatial distribution characteristics of temperature and precipitation combination have significant influences on agricultural production and resource utilization.Based on the set pair analysis method and daily precipitation and temperature data during 1960-2019 at 40 meteorological stations in North China,the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation combination is studied.The SPI(Standardize Precipitation Index)is used to determine the different precipitation year types(flood,normal,and dry).The accumulated temperature anomaly is used to determine different temperature year types(high,normal,and low).The results show that the stations with more high temperature years also have more low temperature years,in general,the frequency of high temperature years is lower in the central of the study region.The frequency of flood years is higher in the north and east of the study area,the spatial distribution has no obvious rule.The connection degree between temperature and precipitation is higher in southwest regions and gradually decreases to the north and east costal region,this can be caused by the frequency of temperature and precipitation opposite year types(high temperature and drought year,low temperatureand flood year)is higher in the north and east costal region. The results are of some significance for understanding the distribution of waterand heat in the research area,guiding disaster prevention and agricultural planning layout.