Effect of glyphosate on symbiotic N2 fixation and nickel concentration in glyphosate-resistant soybeans |
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| Authors: | L.H.S. Zobiole R.S. Oliveira R.J. Kremer J. Constantin T. Yamada C. Castro F.A. Oliveira A. Oliveira |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Advanced Studies in Weed Research (NAPD), Agronomy Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Av., 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems & Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;3. Agrinatura Consultancy, Alfredo Guedes St., 1949, 13416-901 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Embrapa Soybean, Postcode 231, 86001-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Decreased biological nitrogen fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has been attributed directly to toxicity of glyphosate or its metabolites, to N2-fixing microorganisms. As a strong metal chelator, glyphosate could influence symbiotic N2 fixation by lowering the concentration of nickel (Ni) that is essential for the symbiotic microorganisms. Evaluation of different cultivars grown on different soil types at the State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil during the summer 2008 revealed, significant decreases in photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance) and nickel content with glyphosate use (single or sequential application). This work demonstrated that glyphosate can influence the symbiotic N2 fixation by lowering nickel content available to the symbiotic microorganisms. |
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