Integration of continuous biofumigation with Muscodor albus with pre-cooling fumigation with ozone or sulfur dioxide to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes |
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| Authors: | Franka Mlikota Gabler Julien Mercier JI Jiménez JL Smilanick |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia;2. USDA ARS, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA;3. AgraQuest Inc., 1530 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;3. Departments of Chemistry, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516;4. Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516;5. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516;1. School of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China;2. Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;1. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;2. Perishable Product Export Control Board, 45 Silwerboom Avenue, Plattekloof, Parow 7500, South Africa;3. School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;4. Department of Postharvest Technology, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering (ATB) Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany;1. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, People’s Republic of China;2. Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing & Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Processing and Preservation of Agricultural Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, People’s Republic of China;3. College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, People’s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | An integrated approach was evaluated that combined biological and chemical fumigation of table grapes to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. After fumigation of the grapes with ozone or sulfur dioxide during pre-cooling, the fruit were then exposed to continuous biofumigation by the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus during storage. Biofumigation was provided by in-package generators containing a live grain culture of the fungus. This grain formulation of M. albus survived the initial ozone or sulfur dioxide fumigation, but sulfur dioxide reduced its production of isobutyric acid, an indicator of the production of antifungal volatiles. Gray mold incidence was reduced among inoculated ‘Autumn Seedless’ grapes from 91.7 to 19.3% by 1 h fumigation with 5000 μL L?1 ozone, and further reduced to 10.0% when ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation were combined. The natural incidence of gray mold among organically grown ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes after 1 month of storage at 0.5 °C was 31.0%. Ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation reduced the incidence of gray mold to 9.7 and 4.4, respectively, while the combined treatment reduced gray mold incidence to 3.4%. The use of commercial sulfur dioxide pads reduced the incidence to 1.1%. The combination of ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, but was less effective than the standard sulfur dioxide treatments. Although less effective than sulfur dioxide treatment, ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, and could be alternatives to sulfur dioxide, particularly for growers complying with organic production requirements. |
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