Agronomic and physiological contributions to the yield improvement of soybean cultivars released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China |
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| Authors: | Jian Jin Xiaobing Liu Guanghua Wang Liang Mi Zhongbao Shen Xueli Chen Stephen J Herbert |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Black Soil Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 138 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China;2. Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China;3. Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;2. Montana State University, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, 4570 MT Hwy 35, Kalispell, MT 59901, USA;3. University of Nebraska Clay County Extension Office, 111 W. Fairfield, Clay Center, NE 68933-1499, USA;4. Little Blue Natural Resources District, 106 N Juniper Ave, Davenport, NE 68335, USA;1. Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;3. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;4. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;5. Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;6. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;7. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA;8. Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA;9. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA;10. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0110, USA;11. Department of Plant, Soil & Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;12. Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;13. Michigan State University Extension, Allegan, MI 49010, USA;14. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;15. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;p. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;1. Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China;2. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, China;1. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;2. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia;3. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia;4. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States;1. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16114, Indonesia;2. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;3. Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi 41256, Indonesia;4. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Central Java, Ungaran 50552, Indonesia;5. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) North Sumatra, Medan 20143, Indonesia;6. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sulawesi, Makassar 90243, Indonesia;7. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) East Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Timor Raya Km 32, Kupang 85362, Indonesia;8. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) East Java, Malang 65152, Indonesia;9. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Lampung, Lampung 35145, Indonesia;10. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC 20005-3915, USA;1. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad Integrada Balcarce Ruta 226 km 73.5 Balcarce, Buenos Aires 7620, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Increasing yield is a high priority in most breeding programs. Approximately 600 soybean cultivars had been released by the end of the last century in Northeast China. Understanding the agronomic and physiological changes is essential for planning further plant breeding strategies in soybean. In this study, 45 representative soybean cultivars, from maturity groups 00 and 0, released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China were compared in field conditions for 3 consecutive years. A positive correlation between seed yield and year of cultivar release was indicated with a 0.58% average annual increase. Seed number per plant was the most important contributor to yield gain, with a 0.41% increase per year. Pod number per plant and seed size varied slightly with the year of cultivar release. Although variation in protein was from 37.0% to 45.5%, and oil concentration was from 16.7% to 22.0%, their concentrations were not consistently related to year of cultivar release. A 33% increase in the photosynthetic rate, 10.6% increase in plant dry weight and 19.0% increase in harvest index (HI) were found, while leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 17.3%. Modern cultivars have higher photosynthetic rates than their predecessors. The reduced plant height gave increased resistance to lodging, with the lodging score dropping from 3.2 in 1951 to 1.0 in 2006. Seed resistances to disease and pest infestation were also improved. Yield stability was enhanced over years, which could be attributed to the stable pod production across different environments. A flow diagram to explain the contributors to genetic improvement of soybeans in Northeast China was developed. |
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