生态系统健康评价研究方法与进展

生态系统是人类生存的依托条件 ,生态系统是否健康直接影响到人类的生产、生活。由于生产力的不断发展及资源利用水平的不断提高 ,人类对生态系统的影响越来越大 ,其直接后果就是生态系统发生病变 ,导致生态系统服务功能丧失。在阅读国内外有关生态系统健康文献的基础上 ,综述了生态系统健康的发展过程、概念、范畴、指标、评价方法及存在的问题 ,旨在反映当前生态系统健康研究的状况 ,同时能为环境保护和生态系统恢复提供一些建议和方法。

Methods and Progress of the Ecosystem Health Evaluation

Ecosystems are the conditions on which human rely for existence, it influences directly the human's production and living whether the ecosystems are healthy or not. The impacts of human activities on the ecosystems are more and more serious due to the rapid economic development and the increasing exploitation of natural resources, which directly result in the degeneration of the ecosystems and the loss of the service functions of the ecosystems. Especially since recent 50 years, many ecological environmental problems occur, they include the land degradation and desertification, soil erosion, degeneration of grasslands, reduction of natural vegetation coverage, frequent occurrence of sandstorms, etc., caused by the excessive farming, grazing, deforestation and other human activities. Under such a situation, the research on the ecosystem health has been paid a great attention to all over the world. This paper discusses the development, concept, category, indexes, evaluation methods and existing problems of ecosystem health based on the domestic and foreign references about ecosystem health so as to reveal the current status of ecosystem health, and some suggestions and methods are put forward for the environment protection and the regeneration of the ecosystems.