GA3对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及主要品质的影响

百合是花卉市场备受欢迎的球根花卉,花型美丽,花色淡雅,花香迷人,其中重瓣百合由于雄蕊退化、无花粉、花型优美、观赏期长等优点备受消费者青睐,本研究以东方型重瓣百合‘Carolina’为试材,采用6个不同浓度（50、100、200、400、600、800 mg/L）的GA₃对其进行叶面喷施处理,以清水为对照,通过测定其株高、茎粗及采后品质等指标,探讨GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及采后品质的影响。结果表明：栽培试验中400 mg/L GA₃对促进‘Carolina’株高、花苞长度、花朵开放率效果最好,分别比对照高10.40%、9.13%、17.78%,达到极显著差异;800 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’叶绿素相对含量的积累有促进作用;100 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’整株花期延长效果最佳,比对照长10.64%;在种球方面,800 mg/L GA₃对种球单个鲜重、总重量和平均根数的促进作用较好。瓶插期间,100 mg/L GA₃对延缓花枝鲜重、提高花苞开放率、延长单朵花期和整株花期效果最好;600 mg/L GA₃对延缓瓶插叶绿素相对含量和MDA的积累,提高SOD和POD酶活性作用最佳,达到极显著差异。综合比较来看,600 mg/L GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’作用效果最佳,400 mg/L次之。

Effects of GA3 on the Growth and Main Quality of Double-flower Lily ‘Carolina’

Lilium sp. is a perennial bulbous flower in the genus Lilium of Liliaceae, is a popular bulbous flower in the flower market. It is beautiful in shape, elegant in color and charming in fragrance among which double lily is favored by consumers due to its advantages such as stamen degeneration, no pollen, beautiful flower shape and long ornamental period. Gibberellin is an important endogenous hormone and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of plants. It is widely used in crops, vegetables, fruits and flowers. In this study, double-flower lily ‘Carolina’ was used, six different concentrations of GA₃ (50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/L) were applied during the lily growth by spraying the leaves while water was used as the control. The plant height, stem diameter and postharvest quality were investigated in order to study the effect of GA₃ on the growth of double-flower lily ‘Carolina’. The results showed that the cultivation experiment 400 mg/L GA₃ had the best promotion effect on improving ‘Carolina’ plant height, flower bud length and flower opening rate, which was 10.40%, 9.13% and 17.78% higher than those of the control, respectively, reaching extremely significant differences. 800 mg/L GA₃ could promote the accumulation of ‘Carolina’ to chlorophyll relative content. 100 mg/L GA₃ had the best effect on prolonging flowering time of ‘Carolina’, 10.64% longer than that of the control. In terms of tubers, 800 mg/L GA₃ had better promoting effect on single fresh weight, total weight and average root number of tubers. During its vase storage, 100 mg/L GA₃ had the best effect on delaying fresh weight of flower branch, increasing bud opening rate, prolonging single and whole flowering period. 600 mg/L GA₃ had the best effect on delaying the accumulation of chlorophyll relative content and MDA, and improving the activities of SOD and POD enzyme, with extremely significant difference. In a comprehensive comparison 600 mg/L GA₃ had the best promotion effect on double lily ‘Carolina’, followed by 400 mg/L. In conclusion, application of GA₃ has different effects on the growth and postharbital quality of ‘Carolina’. Appropriate concentration of GA₃ can effectively promote the growth of ‘Carolina’ plant height, bud and bulb, increase chlorophyll relative content, SOD and POD enzyme activities, delay the accumulation of MDA, so as to prolong the ornamental period of lily and improve flower quality. This study provided some basic data and theoretical basis for the better application of gibberellin in the cultivation and post-harvest preservation of double lily.