中国79个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病评价及基因分子检测

【目的】了解中国小麦品种的条锈病抗性水平,掌握条锈病抗性基因的分布与利用情况,加强小麦品种的合理应用,促进品种布局与推广,延长品种使用年限,保障小麦生产安全。【方法】在温室中采用条锈菌CYR32、CYR33、G22-9、G22-14对中国小麦主产区的79个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗性鉴定,喷雾接种的幼苗在(10±1)℃的黑暗保温桶中保湿12—18 h,取出置于白天16—18℃,夜晚14—16℃温室中,光周期为L﹕D=16 h﹕8 h,15 d后按0—9级分级标准进行调查;在河北廊坊大田中采用条锈菌CYR32、CYR33对79个小麦品种(系)进行成株期抗性鉴定,接种适期为小麦拔节期,接种前3 d灌水确保田间土壤温度。采用1 g夏孢子﹕300 m L矿物油的条锈菌夏孢子悬浮液喷雾接种诱发行感病品种铭贤169,待矿物油晾干后,喷水并覆塑料薄膜保湿12—16 h,待充分发病后调查病害的普遍率、严重度和侵染型,调查两次,以最高等级作为病情发病的级数;利用小麦抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr18、Yr26和1B/1R易位系的相应分子标记Wmc175F/R、SC200F/R、cs Lv34 F/R、We173 F/R和AF1/AF4对供试小麦进行分子检测;结合系谱分析、抗病性鉴定和分子检测结果分析确定参试小麦品种的抗性基因情况。【结果】在所有的参试小麦品(系)中,苗期对CYR32和CYR33均具有抗性的16份,占20.3%;对条锈菌致病类型G22-9和G22-14均具有抗性的4份,占5.1%;对CYR32、CYR33、G22-9和G22-14这4个小种均具有抗性的4份,占5.1%;成株期对CYR32和CYR33表现中抗及以上水平的24份,占30.4%;对CYR32表现全生育期抗性的12份,占15.2%;对CYR33表现全生育期抗性的16份,占20.3%;对CYR32和CYR33均表现全生育期抗性的11份,占14.0%。苗期对4个菌系均具有抗性并且成株期对CYR32和CYR33表现中抗或以上水平的共4份,占5.1%。结合系谱分析、抗病性鉴定和分子检测结果得出,供试小麦品种中4份携带Yr5,占5.1%;8份携带Yr10,占10.1%;3份携带Yr18,占3.8%;仅1份携带Yr26,占1.3%;35份携带1B/1R,占44.3%;4份携带2个抗性基因;远丰139携带Yr5、Yr10和Yr26。【结论】中国主产麦区的79个小麦品种(系)对当前条锈菌流行小种抗性水平普遍较低,1B/1R易位系使用率依然较高,在今后的育种工作中应加大Yr5、Yr18等有效抗性基因的利用,育成多基因聚合的有效持久抗性品种,进一步减少对1B/1R易位系的使用。

Evaluation of Stripe Rust Resistance and Molecular Detection of Yr Genes of 79 Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China

【Objective】The objectives of this study are to understand the resistance to Puccinia striiformis of wheat cultivars and the distribution and application of Yr genes in the main wheat growing regions, to give some suggestions for the farmers and governors when they choose cultivars, and to prolong the planting years of cultivars based on the harbored Yr genes. 【Method】 There were four races, designating CYR32, CYR33, G22-9 and G22-14 used to identify stripe rust resistance of 79 wheat cultivars or lines from main wheat producing areas in China at seedling stage in greenhouse. The seedlings were put into barrels for keeping humidity in dark for 12-18 h at (10±1)℃ after inoculation, then they were put into greenhouse at 16 to 18℃ in the day time and 14 to 16℃ in the nighttime with 16 hours’ light and 8 hour’s darkness. The investigation was carried out 15 days after inoculation as 0-9 scales. And CYR32 and CYR33 were used for further resistance evaluation at the adult stage at Langfang Station of Hebei Province. In order to keep soil humidity, enough water should be irrigated before the inoculation of adult plants was carried out at jointing stage. The urediniospore suspensions were adjusted to 1 g urediniospores﹕300 mL mineral oil and sprayed the susceptible control cv. Mingxian 169. After the mineral oil evaporated thoroughly, the plants were sprayed water by hand-hold sprayer and covered with plastic film for 12-16 h for keeping moisture. The incidence, severity and infection type were recorded at least twice to keep the severer records as the final data. Then the authors screened these wheat cultivars with the closely linked molecular markers of wheat stripe rust resistance genes Yr5 (Wmc175F/R), Yr10 (SC₂₀₀F/R), Yr18 (csLv34 F/R), Yr26 (We173) and 1B/1R (AF1/AF4) translocation lines. With all data were integrated, such as pedigree of cultivars (lines), resistance to the 4 races, and molecular detection, the yellow rust resistance genes were postulated. 【Result】Among all tested cultivars or lines at seedling stage, 16 (20.3%) were resistant to CYR32 and CYR33, 4 (5.1%) were resistant to G22-9 and G22-14, only 4 (5.1%) cultivars showed resistance to 4 races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). However, there were 24 (30.4%) showed resistance to CYR32 and CYR33 at adult stage. As for wheat cultivars at all growth stages, 12 (15.2%) were resistant to CYR32, 16 (20.3%) were resistant to CYR33 and only 11 (14.0%) were resistant to both CYR32 and CYR33. Only 4 (5.1%) cultivars showed resistance to CYR32, CYR33, G22-9 and G22-14 at seedling stage and CYR32 and CYR33 at adult stage, respectively. After all the information integrated, such as pedigree of cultivars (lines), resistance to the 4 races, and molecular detection, it showed that 4 (5.1%) tested cultivars contained Yr5, 8 (10.1%) contained Yr10, 3 (3.8%) contained Yr18, 1 (1.3%) contained Yr26, 35 (44.3%) contained 1B/1R, and 4 cultivars contained 2 Yr genes, and Yuanfeng 139 contained Yr5, Yr10 and Yr26.【Conclusion】The 79 cultivars (lines) have low resistance to the prevalent 4 races and the usage of 1B/1R translocation line was still high. In the future breeding, the utilization of effective resistance genes such as Yr5 and Yr18 should be increased. Pyramiding multi-gene varieties with effective durable resistance should be strengthened and the use of 1B/1R translocation line should be decreased.