不同田间成熟度采收对烟叶衰老·产质量和风格特征的影响

目的]探讨不同田间成熟度采收对烟叶衰老指标、产质量及风格特征的影响.方法]采用田间试验.结果]随着采收时期的延迟,各部位丙二醛含量增加;上、中部叶烤后原烟成熟度增加,色度增强,身份趋于变薄,油分增多,结构变疏松;下部叶则外观质量先变好再变差,其中按成熟标准采收时最好,再延迟采收时,色度减弱、身份薄、油分少,其外观质量下降.各部位的单叶重及烟叶的总产量皆有下降的趋势,但产值、均价、上等烟比例及中上等烟比例则呈先增加后下降的趋势,皆在现行成熟采收标准采收时达最大值.中、上部叶烟碱含量呈增加趋势,中部叶的总糖含量呈下降趋势,上部叶总糖和中、上部叶还原糖皆呈先增加后下降趋势.中、上部叶的化学成分趋于欠协调;中、上部叶原烟感官质量最高得分出现的时间分别较现行成熟标准提前6、7d.结论]该研究可为建立合适的彰显浓香型风格特色烟叶田间采收成熟度指标提供参考.

Effects of Harvest in Different Field Maturity Degree on Senescence,Yield, Quality and Style Features of Tobacco Leaves

Objective ] The aim was to discuss the effects of harvest in different field maturity degree on senescence indices, yield, quality and style feature of tobacco leaves. Method] The filed experiment was used. Result] With the harvesting time delay, the MDA content of all parts of tobacco plant increased; the maturity of raw tobacco and chromaticity of baked upper and middle parts of tobacco leaves, their i- dentity tended to be thin, their oil content rose, and their structure became loose ; the appearance quality of the lower parts of tobacco leaves firstly became better and then became worse, and it was better to harvest in maturity standard, and if harvest time delayed, their chromaticity weakened, their identity was thin and their oil content was less, so their appearance quality decreased. The single leaf weight of all parts of to- bacco leaves and the total yield of tobacco leaves all had decreasing tendency, while their output, average price, the proportion of superior to- bacco, and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco showed the tendency of firstly increasing and then decreasing, and they all reached the biggest value when the tobacco leaves were harvested in the maturity harvest standard. The nicotine content of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves increased, the total sugar content of the middle parts of tobacco leaves declined, and the total sugar content of the upper parts of tobacco leaves and the reduced sugar content of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves both showed the tendency of firstly increasing and then d~creasing. The chemical components of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves tended incoordination ; and the time of getting the highest score of sensory quality of raw tobacco of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves advanced 6 and 7 days compared to the exist- ing mature standards. Conclusion] The study provides a reference for establishing the suitable field harvest maturity degree indices of tobacco leaves of clearly displaying the characteristics of Luzhou-flavor.