在小麦育种中利用偃麦草抗病特性的研究

为利用中间偃麦草的抗性基因改良普通小麦的抗病性,以八倍体小偃麦TAI7045为桥梁亲本,与小麦杂交、回交,通过异源染色体的细胞遗传学操纵,将偃麦草的抗条锈病基因转移给普通小麦,育成一批抗病性和农艺性状均已稳定的小偃麦易位系,并采用染色体分带和分子原位杂交技术,对它们的染色体组成进行了准确鉴定。抗病性的异地评价和接种鉴定结果表明,它们高抗我国小麦条锈病优势小种和新的流行小种。此外,还就防止或至少延缓抗病性丧失的有效途径、染色体小片段异源易位的诱导方法和外源基因的利用前景进行了讨论。

Use of Thinopyrum Germplasm Resistance to Yellow Rust in Wheat Breeding

In order to improve disease resistance of wheat, a new type of partial alien amphiploid derived from Thinopyrum intermedium×common wheat was used as donor parent to cross and backcross with different genotypes of common wheat, respectively. The gene for yellow rust resistance was introgressed into common wheat from Thinopyrum intermedium, and a set of translocation lines were developed by means of chromosomal cytogenetic manipulation. The results from evaluation for disease resistance and in combination of C-banding and GISH revealed that these Thinopyrum intermedium-derived wheat-alien translocation lines belonged to small segment translocation conferring the high resistance to the epidemical races of Chinese wheat yellow rust. In addition, the efficacious approaches to avoid the comedown of disease resistance, the inducing method for wheat-alien small segment translocation and the application foreground of wheat-alien genes were discussed.