空心莲子草的分布、危害与防除对策

空心莲子草是一种重要的外来入侵恶性杂草,20世纪80年代以来该草自然扩展成为水域和陆地两个生态类型,形成单一优势种群使入侵地的生物多样性遭到破坏。在水域的空心莲子草可通过人工打捞和利用其天敌控制;在旱地除利用天敌外,还需通过除草剂、物种竞争、化感作用、植物病原菌和人工拔除等措施进行防除。本文就其在我国分布、危害及其防治对策进行了综述。

Distribution and damage of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides and its control

Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb is regarded as an important alien noxious weed, which has become a major invader of both aquatic and terrestrial habitats since the eighties of the 20th century. The biological invasion of the pernicious weed not only leads to the extinction of native species, but also reduces the biodiversity where the weed occurs. Successful biological control of the deleterious weed in water has been achieved by using its natural enemies, but on land, herbicides, inter-specific competition, allelopathy, plant pathogens and mechanical or manual management, besides natural enemies, have been integrated to manage the weed. The distribution, damage and control strategy of this weed in China are reviewed in this paper.