日本森林康养政策演变及启示

森林康养产业是日本重要的国民福祉产业，其丰富的管理经验值得借鉴。中国森林康养产业起步较晚，立法和产业标准化管理尚不完善，迫切需要加强相关研究。文中通过梳理分析日本1951—2021年25项森林康养相关政策发现:其政策制定可分为条件形成、正式确立和积极探索以及快速发展3个阶段；政策变化表现出因应时代和公众需要的即时性和对于产业发展的前瞻性，以及对政府组织机构、社团协会、研究人员和公众的引导性；政策演变呈现“被动促进森林旅游发展—主动建立森林旅游相关体系—积极推动森林浴探索和推广—重视森林康养产业规范化发展”的变化规律。

Forest-based Wellness in Japan: Policy Evolution and Its Enlightenment

Forest-based wellness is an important industry of national welfare in Japan, and its management experience is worth learning. The forest-based wellness in China started late, and the related legislation and industrial standardization need to be further improved. There is an urgent need to strengthen related research. This paper reviews 25 forest-based wellness policies in Japan from 1951 to 2021. It is found that the policy formulation process can be divided into three stages: condition formation, active exploration and rapid development. The evolution of the policies not only shows the immediacy produced by the needs of the times and the public, as well as forward-looking of developing the forest-based wellness industry, but also shows its guiding function for government institutions, associations, researchers and the public. The policies are manifested in the evolutionary law of “passive in forest tourism development-active in forest tourism system establishment-positive in promoting forest bathing-paying attention to the standardized development of forest-based wellness industry”.