砾石土壤施用保水剂的蓄水保墒技术研究

在极端干旱条件下，以成龄无核白葡萄为研究材料，采用滴灌灌水技术，研究了施用不同剂量保水剂下各处理土壤含水量与葡萄生理特性和光合特征以及对葡萄品质产量的影响。结果显示:各处理在0—100 cm土层中的土壤含水量对照处理明显低于保水剂处理；叶片水势在水前与水后的变化规律一致，均为B100最大，其次B200和B50，对照最小；各处理葡萄叶片蒸腾速率在葡萄果实膨大期逐渐升高，在果实成熟期快速下降，其中CK和B100蒸腾速率小而B200和B50略高；在光合速率上，B200明显高于其它3个处理，而B100最低，B50在颗粒成熟期高于B100和对照。对葡萄施用保水剂的经济评价中得出，B100处理虽然在葡萄产量上稍低于B200，但相比B200减少了一倍投资，使其最终获得了最大的收益。说明保水剂能明显提高土壤的水分利用效率，具有显著的蓄水保墒作用。

Study on Moisture Conservation of Water Retaining Agent Applied to Gravel Soil

In extreme drought conditions, with mature grape as research material, using drip irrigation technology to study the effects of different dose of water and grape physiological characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of containing the soil water retention agent and the influence on the quality and yield of grape. The results showed that different treatments of soil moisture in the 0—100 cm soil control treatment was significantly lower than aquasorb treatment; leaf water potential variation in the water before the water are B100, followed by B200 and B50, the minimum control; grape leaf transpiration rate in each treatemnt gradually increased in the grape fruit enlargement of the rapid decline in fruit ripening, the transpiration rates of the CK and B100 were slightly lower, but B200 and B50 were slightly higher; with respect to photosynthetic rate, B200 was significantly higher than the other three treatments, B100 was the minimum, B50 in particles of maturity was higher than the B100 and control. In terms of the economic evaluation of grape water absorbent applied, B100 treatment in grape production was slightly lower than the B200, but double of the investment was reduced compared to the B200, it eventually won the biggest gains. The water retaining agent can obviously improve soil water use efficiency, with water conservation effect.