3种牡丹雄配子体发育的比较研究

目的]为芍药科牡丹的引种栽培、遗传育种和物种生物学研究提供全面的资料。方法]光镜下观察分属于芍药科3个种的7个牡丹品种的雄配子体发育过程,并进行比较研究,探讨异型花粉与各品种结实率的关系。结果]7个品种普遍存在二型性花粉的现象,在花粉群体中有一小部分花粉普遍表现为体积小,细胞质稀薄,发育迟缓,且大部分将停滞发育,但仍有极少数在体内沿着孢子体途径发育到3核水平。小孢子四分体的排列方式除正常的正四面体形,所有品种中均存在少数排列为左右对称的四分体和减数分裂及小孢子发育不同步的现象。异常花粉的发生率表现出明显的种间差异及品种间分化,而各品种能育花粉的数量与种子结实率并不完全成正比。结论]减数分裂不同步及异常是导致异常花粉形成的主要原因,异型花粉是导致结实率低的原因之一。

Comparative Study on the Development of Male Gametes of 3 Peonies Species

Objective] The purpose was to supply all-around data for introduction and cultivation, heredity and breeding and species biology researches of peony, peony family. Method] Under light microscope, the gametes development courses of 7 peony varieties belonging to 3 species of peony families were observed and were compared to discuss the relationship between heterotype pollen and fruiting rate of each variety. Result] Seven varieties had dimorphic pollen generally. In pollen population, a fraction of pollens generally showed to be small in volume, thin in cytoplasm, and slow in development, most of which would stagnate development, but very few pollens developed to 3-nucleus level along sporophyte approach in body yet. The arrangement mode of sporule tetrads had a few tetrads arranging bilateral symmetrically except for normal regular tetrahedron shape and there were unsynchronized phenomena of meiosis and sporule development in all the varieties. The occurrence rate of abnormal pollen showed obvious difference in interspecies and differentiation among varieties, but the fertile pollen quantities of various varieties had incompletely direct ratio to fruiting rates of seeds. Conclusion] Unsynchronized and abnormal meiosis was the main reason causing the formation of abnormal pollen and heterotype pollen was one of reasons inducing low fruiting rate.