滴灌时长对伊犁河流域土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响

为阐明新疆伊犁河南岸灌区不同滴灌应用年限下新开垦耕地土壤水分分布和土壤全氮及有机质分布,进一步了解干旱区荒地引水灌溉开垦过程中土壤养分变化,本文以伊犁河流域连续新开垦地区——伊犁河南岸灌区管理处为研究区,以冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为研究对象,通过监测不同滴灌应用年限(1 a,2 a,3 a,4 a)以及未开垦荒地(CK) 0~60 cm剖面土壤水分、全氮含量和土壤有机质含量,揭示滴灌应用年限对滴灌条件下土壤理化性质以及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:新垦土地土壤含水率会随滴灌应用年限延长而增加,种植和灌溉会改善新开荒地的土壤水入渗条件,有利于耕作层水分调蓄;新垦土地各层土壤全氮会随滴灌应用年限增加而增加,且随深度增加分布趋势由开垦前先减少后增加变化为先增加后减少,在0~30 cm土层出现表聚现象;不同滴灌应用年限0~60 cm土壤有机质含量随年限增加而增加,开垦种植增加了0~40 cm土壤有机质含量,并在0~20 cm土层明显富集;根据全国第二次土壤普查养分分级相关标准,研究区荒地开垦后土壤养分全氮及有机质均提高了一级;新开垦耕地灌溉1~4 a,冬小麦产量随滴灌应用年限的增加而增加。养分及产量增加的主要原因在于当地现行的灌溉制度及作物秸秆残留。

Effects of drip irrigation duration on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield in the Yili River Basin

This study aimed to clarify the soil moisture distribution and total nitrogen and organic matter distribution of newly cultivated arable land under different durations of drip irrigation in the Ili River South Irrigation Area in Xinjiang Yili River Basin,and to further understand the changes in soil nutrients during the process of diversion irrigation and reclamation of wasteland in arid areas. This was achieved by monitoring the effects of different numbers of years of drip irrigation (1 a,2 a,3 a,4 a) on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and uncultivated wasteland (CK) soil moisture,in a 0-60 cm soil profile,total nitrogen content,and soil organic matter content in the New reclamation area,Ili River South Bank Irrigation Area. The effects of years of drip irrigation on soil physical and chemical properties and winter wheat yield under drip irrigation were analyzed. The research results showed that the soil moisture content of newly cultivated land increased with the extension of the application of drip irrigation. Planting and irrigation improved the soil water infiltration conditions of the newly opened land,which is conducive to water storage and storage of the cultivated layer. This increased the application life of drip irrigation,and with an increase in depth,the distribution trend changed from decreasing before increasing to increasing to increasing and then decreasing. Surface aggregation occurred in the 0-30 cm soil layer during different application years to the 0-60 cm soil layer. The organic matter content increased with the increase in the number of years. Reclamation increased the soil organic matter content of the 0-40 cm soil layer and the soil was significantly enriched in the 0-20 cm soil layer. According to the relevant national soil grading standards for the second soil census,after the reclamation of wasteland in the research area,the soil nutrient total nitrogen and organic matter concentrations were all improved by one level. The newly cultivated arable land was irrigated for 1-4 years,and the winter wheat yield increased with the increase in the number of years of drip irrigation. The main reasons for the increase in nutrients and yields are the current local irrigation system and crop residues.