利用人工合成甘蓝型油菜创建油菜新种质

为了拓宽甘蓝型油菜的遗传基础,从四川、重庆、云南和西藏部分地区采(收)集了一批白菜型油菜、白菜和白花芥蓝地方品种,包括一部分白菜型油菜野生种和半野生种,通过远缘杂交,人工合成了一批甘蓝型油菜新材料。这批新材料具有丰富的遗传变异,主要包括特长角、大粒、多分枝、矮秆、黄籽、白花、抗病等重要遗传类型,部分材料具有重要的育种及研究利用价值。

Development of new germplasm in rapeseed through resynthesis of new Brassica napus L.

A group of local cultivars (or landraces) of Brassica chinensis, B. campestris and B. oleracea var. alboglabra were collected from part of the regions in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing and Xizang (Tibet), including some wild and semi -- wild forms of B. chinensis and B. campestris. Through interspecific hybridization a large num- ber of new Brassica napus lines were developed. There were abundant genetic types in the newly developed resyn- thesized lines, mainly including lines of especially long pods, large seeds, many branches, dwarf straw, yellow seedcoat color, white flowers and disease resistance. The line of the longest pods showed, in the middle place of the main raceme, an average pod length of 19.24cm, with a body length of 16.26cm; the most branch line showed an average first order effective branch number of more than 20; the largest seed line showed a 1000 -- seed weight of over 6g. Some of the newly resynthesized lines have been preliminarily utilized in breeding programs. They showed important values for rapeseed breeding and genetic researches.