休闲期耕作配施磷肥对旱地小麦氮素吸收与转运的影响

为明确不同耕作方式配施磷肥对小麦植株氮素吸收和转运的影响，于2012-2013年在山西省闻喜县进行了休闲期深松和传统模式下不同施磷量对小麦氮素吸收和转运影响的大田试验。结果表明，休闲期深松较传统模式提高了小麦各生育阶段（低磷条件拔节-孕穗阶段除外）氮素的吸收速率，提高了小麦各阶段的吸氮量，从而提高了各生育时期植株氮素积累量，以配施磷150 kg·hm^-2效果较好；提高了小麦花前氮素转运量、花前转运氮素贡献率和花后氮素积累量；配施磷150 kg·hm^-2提高了小麦花前氮素转运率，降低了成熟期叶片氮素积累量，从而提高了籽粒氮素积累量及分配比例。休闲期深松配施磷150 kg·hm^-2提高了小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数。休闲期深松配施150 kg·hm^-2磷肥，小麦的增产、氮素吸收与转运效果最好。

Effect of Phosphorus Application under Tillage in Fallow Period on Nitrogen Absorption and Translocation in Dryland Wheat

In order to study the effects of different tillage modes with phosphorus fertilizer on nitrogen (N) absorption and translocation in wheat, the field test was carried out at Wenxi, Shanxi province from 2012 to 2013 under the conditions of subsoiling mode and traditional mode in fallow period with different phosphorus application.Compared with traditional mode in fallow period, subsoiling mode in fallow period increased N uptake rate of each growth stage (except elongation stage to booting stage under the condition of low phosphorus fertilizer) in wheat, improved N absorption amount at each stage in wheat, enhanced the plant N accumulation amount at different growth stages accordingly, and the degree of improvement of N accumulation amount was great until maturity, with the better effects under 150 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus fertilizer.Subsoiling mode in fallow period, compared with traditional mode in fallow period, improved N transportation before anthesis and its contribution rate on grain, improved N accumulation after anthesis, and subsoiling with 150 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus fertilizer, increased N translocation rate before anthesis, reduced N accumulation amount in leaf at maturity, thereby improved grain N accumulation and its distribution ratio.In addition, subsoiling in fallow period with 150 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus fertilizer, increased grain field, N uptake efficiency, and N harvest index.In short, subsoiling in fallow period with 150 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus fertilizer was better for improving yield.It was also helpful to promote N absorption and translocation in wheat.