苦荞种质资源性状评价及优异资源筛选

对180份苦荞种质资源的12个主要农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析。结果表明，180份苦荞种质间株粒重和株粒数的差异较大，变异系数均高于60%。根据苦荞种质性状间的遗传差异，对12个主要农艺性状进行主成分分析，得到的4个主成分因子累计贡献率达82.729%，第1主成分反映籽粒形状，第2主成分反映产量，第3、4主成分分别反映籽粒大小和株型。聚类分析把180份苦荞种质划分为3个类群，类群Ⅰ可以作为选育矮秆、特异粒形品种的优良亲本；类群Ⅱ可作为选育高秆品种的优良亲本；类群Ⅲ可作为选育高产、大粒品种的优良亲本。从矮秆、高产和大粒3个方面，筛选出矮秆材料灵石苦荞、安泽苦荞、苦荞60、苦荞62，高产材料二各苦荞、武乡苦荞、苦荞27、老鸭咀苦荞、苦荞34、苦荞35和大粒材料泸西苦荞、额角瓦齿、姚安苦荞1、苦荞61，共14份优异苦荞种质资源。

Evaluation and selection of Tartary buckwheat germplasm resources based on agronomic traits

Genetic diversity analysis, principal component and cluster analysis were performed on 180 accessions of hulled and naked Tartary buckwheat to investigate genetic diversity of agronomic traits in western Jilin. The results showed that coefficient of variation of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant was higher than 60%. The principal component analysis on 12 agronomic traits showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components accounted for 82.729% of the total variation. The first principal component mainly reflected the grain shape, while the second principal component reflected the yield. The third and fourth principal components reflected the grain size and plant type, respectively. According to the genetic difference of each characteristic among varieties, 180 accessions were classified into 3 categories by cluster analysis. The first group could be used as excellent parents for breeding dwarf and special grain\|shaped varieties, the second group could be used as excellent parents for breeding high\|stalk varieties, and the third group could be used as excellent parents for breeding high\|yield and large grain varieties. Based on three aspects of dwarf, high yield, and large grain, a total of 14 excellent Tartary buckwheat germplasm resources were selected including 4 dwarf varieties of lingshikuqiao, kuqiao 60, kuqiao 62 and anzekuqiao, 6 high yield varieties of ergekuqiao, wuxiangkuqiao, kuqiao 27, laoyajukuqiao, kuqiao 34 and kuqiao 35, and 4 large grain varieties of luxikuqiao, ejiaowachi, yaoankuqiao 1 and kuqiao 61.