专用缓释肥料对黄瓜产量品质及N,P,K养分吸收利用的影响

采用土培试验研究了黄瓜专用缓释肥对黄瓜产量品质及N,P,K养分吸收利用、土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:2种专用缓释肥(CSRF1和CSRF2)显著提高了黄瓜果实干物质量和总干物质量,CSRF1和CSRF2处理黄瓜果实干物质量较CCF,MSRF,OCF处理分别增加了23.3%~37.2%和16.5%~31.6%.2种专用缓释肥(CSRF2和CSRF1)提高了黄瓜果实的维生素C质量分数和氨基酸的质量分数,降低了硝酸盐质量分数.黄瓜根、茎、叶和果实的N,P,K养分质量分数均以CSRF2最高.黄瓜N,P,K积累量从大到小依次为CSRF2、CSRF1、MSRF、CCF、OCF,专用缓释肥处理的N,P,K积累量较MSRF,CCF和OCF处理分别提高了27.45%~46.55%,33.17%~56.20%和67.61%~102.13%.与普通复合肥相比,2种专用缓释肥处理的N,P,K相对养分利用效率分别增加了18.53%~24.20%,19.27%~20.02%和18.54%~35.69%.

Effects of Two Special Slow-Release Fertilizers on the Yield, Quality and Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Cucumber

Soil culture experiments were carried out to study the effects of special slow release fertilizers (CSRF1 and CSRF2) on the yield, quality and nutrient uptake and utilization of cucumber, and on soil enzyme activity. The results showed that compared with the treatments of CCF, MSRF and OCF (ordinary compound fertilizer), CSRF1 and CSRF2 significantly increased the dry weight of cucumber fruit and plant, by 23.3%-37.2% and 16.5%-31.6%, respectively, and they enhanced the contents of VC and amino acids and reduced nitrate content in the fruit. Of all the treatments, the highest contents of NPK in the roots, steam, leaves and fruit of the cucumber plants were observed in CSRF2, followed closely by the CSRF1 treatment. Accumulation of NPK in cucumber was in the order of CSRF2 > CSRF1 > MSRF > CCF > OCF, being 27.45%-46.55%, 33.17%-56.20% and 67.61%-102.13% higher in the treatments of the two special slow-release fertilizers than in MSRF, CCF and OCF treatments, respectively. Compared to the OCF treatment, the two special slow-release fertilizers gave an increase in relative utilization efficiency of N, P and K by 18.53%-24.20%, 19.27%-20.02% and 18.54%-35.69%, respectively.