牛传染性鼻气管炎基因工程疫苗研究进展

牛传染性鼻气管炎是由牛疱疹病毒1型感染而引起的高传染性疾病。该病临床症状以呼吸道炎症为主,另外伴有结膜炎、流产、脑炎等并发症。20世纪50年代早期,美国科罗拉多州某些牧场首次发现该病。目前缺乏有效的治疗性药物,对动物实施疫苗免疫是防控该病较理想的方法。目前,某些国家仍然使用传统疫苗,然而,经过基因改造的糖蛋白E基因缺失疫苗已在欧盟上市,该疫苗分为活苗和灭活苗两种。文章着重对牛传染性鼻气管炎基因缺失疫苗、亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗及DNA疫苗最新的研究进行评述。

Progress in Development of Genetic Engineering Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious, infectious disease that is caused by bovine herpes-virus-1(BHV-1). In addition to causing respiratory disease, this virus can cause conjunctivitis, abortions, encephalitis, andgeneralized systemic infections. IBR was originally recognized during the early 1950’s in Colorado feedlots. There is no direct treatment for the infection and the best way to control IBR is to vaccinate before a disease outbreak occurs. Nowadays, conventional IBR vaccines have been, and still are, routinely used in many countries, the glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted vaccines, either as a live or as a inactivated vaccine, have been commercialized in the European Union. In this review, we discussed the progress in development of gene-deleted vaccine, subunit vaccine, viral vector vaccine and DNA vaccine.