有机无机肥配施对双季稻田土壤养分利用与渗漏淋失的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究稻草、猪粪、猪粪堆肥或沼渣沼液与化肥配施对双季稻田土壤养分利用与渗漏淋失的影响。结果表明,有机肥与化肥配施有利于提高稻田土壤中N、P、K养分和有机质含量,降低稻田渗漏液中TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度,促进水稻养分吸收与利用。其中,以20%的猪粪堆肥氮与化肥配施效果较好,与施纯化肥相比,1年后土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾和有机质含量分别提高了2.59%,0.87%,0.15%和21.45%,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高3.31%,3.22%和12.24%;氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别提高5.22%,0.55%,3.50%;水稻地上部氮、磷、钾养分累积量分别提高7.83,0.33,3.14g/kg;水稻生长期稻田渗漏液中TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度明显降低;早稻增产19.65%,晚稻无明显减产。

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Double Cropping Rice Nutrient Utilization and Leaching Loss from Paddy Soil

Field plot trial was conducted to study the effects of applying straw,pig manure,manure compost or biogas manure combined chemical fertilizer on double cropping rice nutrient utilization and leaching loss from paddy field.Results showed that combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer improved the contents of N,P,K and organic matter in the pady soil,reduced the concentration of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in leachate,promoted rice nutrient absorbtion and utilization.One year later,compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,combination of manure composting nitrgen by 20% and chemical nitrgen by 80% showed a lot of advantages,which obviously increased the contents of TN,TP,TK and organic matter in paddy soil by 2.59%,0.87%,0.15% and 21.45%,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium was also increased by 3.31%,3.22% and 12.24% respectively;the utilization ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 5.22%,0.55% and 3.50%,respectively;the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 7.83,0.33,3.14 g/kg;the concentration of TN,TP,NH+4-N,NO-3-N in leachate decreased obviously;the early rice yield increased by 19.65%,while late rice yield decreased indistinctively.