鸡粪与化肥配施对杨树根际土壤生物学特征及养分吸收的影响

通过盆栽试验研究鸡粪有机肥(M)与化肥(N)配施对杨树根际土壤的微生物数量、酶活性及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,鸡粪有机肥与化肥配施可不同程度提高根际土壤中的微生物数量,以30%M+70%N处理效果最显著,其中细菌数量比CK,100%N,10%M+90%N和50%M+50%N处理分别提高了108.21%,32.36%,22.09%和10.44%;配施鸡粪有机肥可不同程度增强土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性。30%M+70%N处理的酶活性显著高于其他4个处理;此外,鸡粪有机肥与化肥配施可显著提高根系的总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和氮素利用率。其中30%M+70%N处理的氮素利用率为61.38%,分别比100%N,10%M+90%N和50%M+50%N处理提高了53.52%,26.53%和23.33%。与30%M+70%N处理相比,10%M+90%N和50%M+50%N处理对杨树根际土壤特征改善和养分吸收促进作用有所降低。综合分析认为,鸡粪有机肥与化肥以3∶7比例配施对杨树的根际区域生态环境改善和养分吸收作用效果最佳。

Effect of Chicken Manure Co-applied with Inorganic Fertilizer on Rhizosphere Soil Biological Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake in Poplar

A pot experiment including five treatments,i.e.CK,100%N(inorganic fertilizer),10%M(chicken manure)+90%N,30%M+70%N and 50%M+50%N was conducted to evaluate the effects of chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on rhizosphere soil microorganism population,enzyme activity as well as the nutrient content and uptake of poplar tissues.The results showed that chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the microorganism population in rhizosphere soil compared with the treatment of 100%N.The 30%M+70%N treatment achieved the highest microbe population among all the treatments,showing 108.21%,32.36%,22.09% and 10.44% increases in bacteria population,respectively,compared to the treatments of CK,100%N,10%M+90%N and 50%M+50%N.The activity of urease enzyme,catalase enzyme,polyphonic oxidase enzyme and invertase enzyme was also improved by chicken manure co-application with inorganic fertilizer.A significant variation for the activity of the above enzymes in response to chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer was observed and the 30%M+70%N treatment resulted in the highest enzyme activity.Additionally,not only the total absorption area,but also the nitrogen use efficiency was significantly enhanced by the use of 70%N+30%M.The N use efficiency was 61.38% in 30%M+70%N treatment,indicative of 53.52%,26.53% and 23.33% increases,over the treatments of 100%N,10%M+90%N and 50%M+50%N,respectively.However,in 10%M+90%N and 50%M+50%N treatments,less effect on ecological environment and nutrients uptake of poplar was observed than that in 30%M+70%N treatment.As a result,chicken manure co-applied with inorganic fertilizer,especially 30%M+70%N treatment,benefited the ecological environment as well as the nutrient uptake of poplar.