microRNA在猪中的研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是一类在真核生物中广泛存在的非编码小RNA，通过与目标基因的3'端非编码序列结合，在转录后水平上调控基因的表达，参与许多生物学过程，包括细胞生长、分化、增殖和凋亡等。miRNA的生物合成始于细胞核，分为3个阶段，即pri-miRNA、pre-miRNA、成熟的miRNA分子。前两个阶段在细胞核中完成，第三阶段转移到细胞质中完成。miRNA具有在真核细胞中广泛存在、长度21~24 nt、序列具有高度保守性3个特点。研究表明，miRNA参与调控猪胚胎期肌肉发育、胚后期肌肉生长及肉质性状形成，猪前体脂肪细胞分化和脂质沉积，猪体的免疫应答，以及影响病原与机体的相互作用等过程。因此，了解更多的猪miRNA研究进展，可以加深对猪肌肉发育、脂肪代谢、疾病免疫等分子机制的理解，为生猪的健康养殖提供参考。

Research Progress on microRNA in Pigs

microRNA(miRNA) is small non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes that regulates gene expression by combining the 3'end non-coding sequence of target gene,and plays important roles in many biological processes,including cell growth,differentiation,proliferation and apoptosis.miRNA biosynthesis begins in the nucleus,and is divided into three stages of pri-miRNA,pre-miRNA and mature miRNA.The first and second stages are completed in nucleus,and the third stage is completed in cytoplasm.miRNAs have three characteristics,which are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells with length of 21 to 24 nt and highly conserved sequence.The present results indicate that miRNAs involve in porcine embryonic muscle development,postnatal muscle growth and meat quality traits,precursor adipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition,and immune response,interaction between pathogen and swine.Therefore,understanding the functions of miRNA will help to explore the molecular mechanisms of muscle development,fat metabolism,disease immunity in pigs,and may provide references for pig healthy production.