海河平原区棉花饲用黑麦复种方式及水肥利用效率分析

2011年10月-2014年10月连续3年在河北省任县安排了定位试验,通过饲用黑麦不同播期与棉花构建几种棉草复种茬口搭配方式,从产量、经济效益、水分利用效率和养分利用效率以及对土壤肥力影响等方面综合分析棉花饲用黑麦复种的可行性及复种方式。结果表明,棉花可与饲用黑麦复种,为降低饲用黑麦对棉花的影响,饲用黑麦可适当推迟到10月20日播种,次年4月底收获,效益可提高5470.1元·hm^-2。棉花饲用黑麦复种与棉花单作相比,平均水分利用率提高16.49%;水分经济利用效率提高56.54%;并且土壤有机质平均增长幅度提高5.71%,土壤含盐量平均降低幅度达到23.72%,土壤改良效果明显;是适用于该区域的高效复种模式。

Water- and fertilizer-use efficiency of cotton and Secale cereale cultivated under a multiple cropping pattern on the Haihe Plain

The multiple cropping system on the Haihe Plain serves as an important overall driver of socio-economic development in the region. In this study, several multiple cropping patterns were established with different combinations of cotton and Secale cereale sown on four dates at Ren Town, Hebei Province, during 2011 to 2014. The feasibility of a multiple cropping pattern of cotton/S. cereale was analyzed in terms of yield, economic benefit, water-use efficiency, nutrient-use efficiency, and soil improvement. The results indicated that cotton/S. cereale multiple cropping was feasible. To reduce the influence on cotton yield, the best sowing date for S. cereale is around 20 October in the current year, and its harvest time should be at the end of April in the next year. Under these conditions, the economic benefit increased by 5470.1 yuan·ha^-1 according to our research. Compared with monoculture, the multiple cropping pattern improved water-use efficiency and water-economic-use efficiency by 16.49% and 56.54%, respectively. The multiple cropping pattern also improved soil quality; it increased soil organic matter by 5.71%, and decreased soil salinity by 23.72%, compared with monocropping. These results highlighted the importance of multiple cropping for socio-economic development in this region.