甘肃徽县银杏引种及生长特征研究

为了选择适宜甘肃陇南地区栽培的银杏优良品种,探索不同品种的生长习性,从而为叶用和果用银杏栽培技术提供理论基础,从江苏省泰州市引进银杏品种‘七星果’、‘大佛手’、‘圆玲6号’和‘大马玲’,进行引种试验,对嫁接定植的1年生幼树进行成活率、萌生枝条类型、新梢生长量、物候期及净光合速率调查和观测,运用SPSS17.0软件进行方差分析(LSD和Duncan法进行多重比较)。结果表明:嫁接成活率为:‘大马玲’>‘大佛指’>‘七星果’>‘大佛手’>‘圆玲6号’,均高于73.36%;引进的4个品种与当地栽培品种‘大佛指’相比,除了封顶期推迟了1~3天外,萌芽期、展叶期、叶全盛期和落叶期均不存在显著性差异;‘圆玲6号’单株萌生长枝数量和新梢生长量显著高于‘大佛指’,‘大马玲’单株萌生短枝数量显著高于其他品种,新梢生长量高于‘大佛指’;‘大佛手’、‘七星果’和‘圆玲6号’光合速率出现明显的双峰曲线,而‘大佛指’光合速率仅在10:00左右出现1次峰值,且在测定时间8:00、12:00、14:00、16:00的光合速率均显著低于其他品种。

Study on Introduction and Growth Characteristics on Gingkgo biloba L. in Hui County of Gansu Province

In order to select the fine varieties of Gingkgo biloba L. which adapted to be cultivated in Longnan District, explore the rules of growth habit on different varieties, and afford the theoretical guides to cultivation techniques on Gingkgo biloba L. for leaf use and fruity use. The author made an introduction trial on the four species,‘Qixingguo’,‘Dafoshou’,‘No.6 Yuanling’, and‘Damaling’which came from Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province and took the observation and investigation on the one-year-old grafting sapling about the following indexes of the survival rate, the types of branches for shading, the growth of fresh branches, phenophase, and the net photosynthetic rate. With the SPSS 17.0 software to take the variance analysis, the results were as follows: (1) the grafting survival rate was‘Damaling’>‘Dafoshou’>‘Qixingguo’>‘No. 6 Yuanling’, and the rate was all higher than 73.36% . (2) Compared to the local specie of Dafozhi, the top-cutting time of four introduction species had delayed one or three days. Except for that, there were no significant differences on the budding, leaf-expansion, leaf-golden and deciduous periods. (3) The number of long branches for shading and the growth of fresh branches on‘No. 6 Yuanling’was significantly higher than‘Dafozhi’. The number of short-branches on‘Damaling’was higher than other species, and the growth of fresh branches was higher ‘Dafozhi’; (4) The changing tendency of photosynthetic rate on‘Dafoshou’‘,Qixingguo’and‘No. 6 Yuanling’ was obviously showed the double-peak curves. But the changing tendency of photosynthetic rate on‘Dafozhi’ was just showed single-peak curve at 10:00, and the photosynthetic rate on‘Dafozhi’was significantly lower than other species at the time of 8:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00.