分布式水文模型在徒骇马颊河流域灌溉管理中的应用Ⅱ.水分生产函数的建立和灌溉制度的优化

【目的】优化徒骇马颊河流域冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的灌溉制度。【方法】以经过参数率定与模拟验证的SWAT为手段，设置了1种充分灌溉和9种非充分灌溉情形，拟合得到冬小麦和夏玉米的水分生产函数，在此基础上，以不考虑氮磷胁迫的历史灌溉情景为基本情形，设置了3种优化灌溉方案。【结果】模拟结果表明，与基本情景相比，轮作体系粮食稳产，平均节约灌溉用水29.00%，水分利用效率平均提高6.58%；与相应时段的年鉴统计值和模拟的历史情景下的产量相比，情景三下全区轮作体系粮食平均增产8.32%和11.24%；与模拟的历史情景相比，优化情景下轮作体系的水分利用率平均提高36.33%。【结论】优化灌溉方案能够在保证徒骇马颊河流域冬小麦－夏玉米轮作体系粮食稳产的前提下，有效地节约灌溉用水，提高水分利用率。

Application of Distributed Hydrological Model in Irrigation Management of Tuhai-Majia River Basin II. Crop Water Production Function and Optimal Irrigation

【Objective】Research of water production function and optimum irrigation in Tuhai-Majia river basin is very important. 【Method】 Based on the calibrated model -SWAT, a full irrigation schedule and nine deficit irrigation schedules were set up to simulate the water production function. Based on sensitivity index of winter wheat and summer maize, three irrigation scenarios were set to optimize the basic scenario. 【Result】 The results show that, in comparison with the basic scenario, the yield of rotation system maintained stable, 29.00% of the mean irrigation water could be saved and the mean WUE increased by 6.51% under the optimum irrigation regime. Compared with yearbook and historical scenario, the mean yield of rotation system increased by 8.32% and 11.24%, with historical scenario, the mean WUE of rotation system increased by 36.33%. 【Conclusion】 The optimized irrigation schedule can keep the yield of rotation system stable, save irrigation water effectively and increase WUE.