扁蓿豆与紫花苜蓿杂交育种研究

受辐射突变育种理论的启示,辐射二倍体扁蓿豆(Melissutus ruthenicus)和四倍体苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种子,提高属间远缘杂交不育的亲和性,获得成功后经过品比试验,区域试验和生产试验,最终育成正反交两个异源四倍体苜蓿新品种(1976~1992),即龙牧801苜蓿(Melilotoides ruthenicus(L.)Sojak×Medicago sativaL.cv.Longmu No.801)和龙牧803苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.×Melilotoides ruthenicus(L.)Sojok cv.Longmu No.803),并于1992年经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记。其中801苜蓿抗寒(-35℃~-45℃)、耐盐碱性(pH 8.16)较强,再生性好,在松嫩、三江平原地区每年刈割2次,干草产量6000~8000 kg/hm²;803苜蓿抗寒(-35℃~-45℃)、耐盐碱性(pH 8.16~8.4)较强、再生性好、丰产性好,在松辽平原和东部白浆土均可种植,每年刈割2-3次,干草产量10000~12000 kg/hm²。现将辐射处理后,突变体认定、杂交、杂种识别和育种方法及其过程加以论述。旨在和同行进行交流探讨,以期为苜蓿育种工作的发展有所裨益。

Crossbreeding of Melilotoides ruthenicus and Medicago sativa

According to the theory of radioactive breeding technology,the seeds of diploid Melilotoides ruthenicus(L.) Sojak and tetraploid Medicago sativa L.were radiated and the compatibility of the distant hybridization was successfully improved.Two hybrids of cross and reciprocal cross,i.e.M.ruthenicus×M.sativa cv.Longmu No.801 and M.sativa×M.ruthenicus cv.Longmu No.803,were authorized and registered in 1992 by Chinese Herbage Cultivar Registration Board based on the comparative trial,regional trial,and productive trial during 1976 to 1992.Longmu No.801 showed strong salt-alkali resistance(pH 8.4),good regrowth ability,three harvests annually in Songliao Plains,and forage yield of 6000～8000 kg/hm²;Longmu No.803 showed strong cold resistance(-35℃～-45℃),strong salt-alkali resistance(pH 8.16～8.4),good regrowth ability,forage yield of 10000～20000 kg/hm²,and adaptation to Songliao Plains and the typic albic bleached soil in the eastern areas of Heilongjiang Province.For the purpose of intercommunication to facilitate alfalfa breeding,this paper describes the breeding methods and procedures of irradiation treatment,mutant identification,hybridization,hybrid identification,etc.