糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发和胚乳消亡的比较研究

为探明糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发和胚乳消亡的差异,以典型糯大麦品种白青稞和甘垦5号以及非糯大麦品种扬农啤10号和苏裸麦1号为材料,采用组织化学染色、树脂半薄切片和光学显微镜观察等方法,研究了糯大麦与非糯大麦胚乳的消亡和淀粉体形态变化。结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,糯大麦种子萌发较好,发芽率较高;糯大麦和非糯大麦颖果胚乳的消亡过程基本相同,呈现出一定的时序性,均是从近胚端的腹部开始消耗,逐渐延伸至背部,最后沿腹沟延伸至远胚端;在大麦种子萌发过程中,近糊粉层中淀粉体最先消亡,小淀粉体早于大淀粉体被消耗;与非糯大麦相比,糯大麦胚乳淀粉体的消亡时间较早、消亡速率较快。概言之,糯大麦与非糯大麦种子萌发过程中胚乳的消亡规律基本相同,但糯大麦种子萌发好,胚乳消亡快。

Comparative Study on the Germination and Endosperm Extinction of Waxy Barley and Non-waxy Barley

This study aimed to illustrate the difference of germination and extinction between waxy and non-waxy barley endosperm. Two waxy barley and two non-waxy barley cultivars were used in this study to investigate the endosperm extinction and the morphological changes of starch granules by histochemical staining, resin semi-thin section and optical microscope. The results showed that, in the process of seed germination, the seed germination of waxy barley was better and the germination rate was higher. The extinction of caryopsis endosperm in waxy barley and non-waxy barley was basically the same, with certain scheduling as follows. Firstly, endosperm consumed from nearby embryo on the abdomen, and then extended to the back slowly, and finally reached to far embryo along the side of embryo containing. In the germination process of barley seeds, starch granules in the sub-aleurone layer were consumed firstly. Small starch granules were consumed firstly, and then large starch granules began to be consumed. Compared with non-waxy barley, the amyloplast of waxy barley were consumed earlier and rapidly. The results showed that the rules of extinction were basically identical in the process of waxy and non-waxy barley seed germination. Waxy barley seed germinated well and endosperm was consumed quickly.