低磷土壤条件下玉米苗期根冠比和株高的混合遗传分析

运用主基因-多基因模型分离分析法，对低磷土壤条件下玉米082×掖107组合的苗期根冠比和株高的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂和F_2∶3进行5世代联合遗传分析。结果表明：玉米苗期根冠比遗传符合一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型(D-0)，玉米苗期根冠比是由一对加性-显性主基因控制的遗传，主基因遗传率为49.53%。微效多基因的遗传力较大，多基因控制的玉米根冠比遗传力为32.96%，环境对玉米根冠比也有影响；玉米苗期株高遗传符合一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型(D-1)，玉米苗期株高是由一对加性-显性主基因控制的遗传，主基因遗传率为57.85%。微效多基因的遗传力也较大，多基因控制的玉米株高遗传力为42.15%，环境对玉米株高几乎无影响。以回交育种和基因重组或聚合为基础的杂交育种方法仍然是改良玉米根冠比和株高的基本方法。

The Mixed Inheritance Analysis of Root/shoot Ratio and Plant Height in Seedling of Maize Under Deficient Phosphorus

Under deficient phosphorus, inheritance of root-shoot ratio and plant height in families from the cross of 082×Ye107 was investigated by the mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model of quantitative traits. The results showed that RSR in the cross was controlled by a major genes and minor gene(the D-0 model). Heritability value of the major genes was estimated as 49.53%, while the effects of multi-gene controlled was 32.96%. The environment also had influence on root shoot ratio of maize. Plant height in the cross was controlled by a major genes and minor gene(the D-1 model). Heritability value of the major genes was estimated as 57.85%, while the effects of multi-gene was 42.15%. The environment had almost no influence on plant height of maize. Thus, it is possible to breed high root/shoot ratio and plant height maize cultivars by backcross, recombining and aggregating high root/shoot ratio and plant height parents and handling segregating generation.