甘蓝型油菜三体、双三体和双四体的形态和细胞学特征

从甘蓝型油菜品种“Oro”×诸葛菜杂交后的一个混倍体杂种（2n=19~37）的小孢子再生植株中鉴定出一株2n=42的植株，此混倍体不含有诸葛菜染色体，故2n=42植株的细胞内没有诸葛菜染色体。用其花粉授予“Oro”后获得2n=39、40的植株。2n=39、40、42植株PMCs内染色体的主要配对方式分别为19Ⅱ+1Ⅰ、19Ⅱ+2Ⅰ和19Ⅱ＋2Ⅱ，后期Ⅰ的分离方式分别为20∶19、21∶19和21∶21。故2n=39、40、42为甘蓝型油菜的三体、双三体、双四体。最后讨论了这些种内非整倍体材料在油菜遗传研究中的意义。

Morphological and Cytological Characterizations of Trisomics, Double Trisomics and Double Tetrasomics in Brassica napus

One plant (2n=42) was identified among the microspore—derived plants from one Brassica napus cv. Oro × Orychophragmus violaceus hybrid (2n=19~37), in which no O. violaceus chromosomes were detected, so the plant has only B. napus chromosomes. After Oro was pollinated with the pollen grains from the plant, progeny plants (2n=39, 40) were produced. Meiotic pairing configurations of the plants (2n=39, 40, 42) were mainly 19Ⅱ+1Ⅰ, 19Ⅱ+2Ⅰ and 21Ⅱ, and segregations at anaphase Ⅰ were 20∶19, 21∶19 and 21∶21, respectively. Thus the plants (2n=39, 40, 42) were trisomics, double trisomics and double tetrasomics of Brassica napus, respectively. Finally implications of these new aneuploids in rapeseed genetic researches were discussed.