黄淮海平原土壤盐渍化状况的数值分类

本文通过ＧＰＳ定位的网格取样和Ｑ型聚类等方法，研究了整个黄淮海平原土壤盐分的剖面特征与水平分布．结果表明：根据黄淮海平原土壤盐分的剖面构型，可将整个黄淮海平原的剖面特征分为４大类，即表聚型、　底聚型、中聚型和平衡型．从其占聚类剖面的数量而言，它们分别占总聚类剖面数的约３０％、５％、１３％和５２％．黄淮海平原各种土壤盐分剖面类型都具有明显的空间集聚性，其中表聚性剖面主要分布在徐淮及滨海地区，底聚剖面主要分布在原来盐渍化严重的豫东黄泛平原，中聚剖面主要分布在黑龙港下游地区．其它为平衡型剖面．这类剖面根据其特点，可分为山前平原土壤盐分淋溶区、鲁西南土壤盐分通体积聚区和浅层咸水影响下的土壤盐分平衡区．整个黄淮海平原土壤剖面中脱盐与积盐比例约为２∶１．所以土壤盐分以脱盐为主．

Quantitative Classification of Soil Salinization in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

The characteristics and distribution of soil salt in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were studied by grid sampling with GPS and cluster analysis. The results indicted that the profile type of soil salt could be classified into4 kinds based on the location of salt horizon. The soil salt was gathered in topsoil, subsoil, mid-soil, and all sections, and were about 30, 5, 13 and 52% of total profiles respectively. Each profile type of soil salt was always together in certain area. The first type was located in Xu-Huai and seaside area, the second type in eastern of Henan Province, where had been the flood area of Yellow River, the third type in the low reaches of Helong Harbor, and the forth type in the rest area. Based on the characteristics, the forth type could be classified into soil salt leaching area of plain before mountain, soil salt accumulating area of southwest of Shangdong Province and soil salt balance area influenced by low level brackish water. The ratio of desalinizing profiles to salinizing profiles was about 2∶1, so desalinization was the dominant process in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.