山西中北部春玉米生长季土壤水分动态及对产量的影响

为了掌握土壤水分与玉米生长发育内在关系，提高土壤水分利用率，统筹调配水资源和防灾减灾提供理论依据，利用1994—2010年山西省忻州市忻府区农业气象观测站春玉米生长季0~50 cm土壤水分和玉米产量观测资料，分析了玉米生长季土壤水分变化规律及对玉米产量的影响。结果表明：春玉米生长季土壤水分年际变化振荡明显，呈多波动变化，与年降水量相关显著；一年中土壤水分变化分为水分消耗期、水分补给期和水分平稳期3个阶段；土壤水分的垂直变化明显，在20~30 cm层含水量最大，0~20 cm为多变层，20~50 cm为缓变层，雨季土壤水分变化较干季复杂；玉米拔节—乳熟期土壤贮水量与气候产量呈正相关，抽雄期是需水临界期，此时0~50 cm土壤贮水量每增加10 mm，产量增加200~250 kg/hm²。

Soil Water Dynamics and Its Effects on Yield in Spring Corn Growing Season in North-central of Shanxi Province

In order to know the soil moisture and maize growth relationship, improve the utilization rate of soil water, to coordinate the deployment of water resources and provide a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and reduction, 0-50 cm growing season soil moisture and yield of maize using observation data of 1994-2010 weather for agriculture in Xin House District Stations, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province in spring maize, the author analyzed the effects of maize growth variation in soil water season and on maize yield. The results showed that: the spring maize growing season soil moisture variability oscillation obviously, was change, and the annual precipitation was related significantly; 3 phase change of soil moisture in a year was divided into water consuming stage, water supply and water stable period; the vertical variation of soil moisture significantly, in the 20-30 cm layer maximum moisture content, 0-20 cm for multiple layer, 20-50 cm as the buffer layer, soil moisture variation of rainy season than dry season complex; maize jointing stage, milk stage water storage in soil and climate yield were positively correlated, tasseling stage was the critical period of water requirement, the 0-50 cm soil water storage increased by 10 mm, increased production of 200-250 kg/hm2.