Pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intramuscular administration at two doses |
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Authors: | Saranya Poapolathep Mario Giorgi Narumol Klangkaew Napasorn Phaochoosak Narongsak Chaiyabutr Tara Wongwaipairoj Amnart Poapolathep |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy;3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Wongveerakit Crocodile Farm, Bo Phloi, Kanchanaburi, Thailand |
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Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular injection of AMX, at a dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 120 hr. The plasma concentrations of AMX were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method. AMX plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 72 hr (5 mg/kg b.w.) and 96 hr (10 mg/kg b.w.). The elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of AMX following dosing at 5 mg/kg b.w. (8.72 ± 0.61 hr) was almost identical to that following administration at 10 mg/kg b.w (8.98 ± 1.13 hr). The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AMX increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AMX to plasma protein was 21.24%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break point, and the surrogate PK-PD index (T > MIC, 0.25 μg/ml), intramuscular administration of AMX at dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. every 4 days might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles. |
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Keywords: | amoxicillin freshwater crocodiles LC-MS/MS pharmacokinetics |
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