磷肥和有机肥施用对白菜产量及磷素径流流失潜能的影响

为给农业中持续安全施用磷肥和有机肥、科学评价土壤积累磷的环境风险提供理论依据。试验采用完全随机试验研究磷肥和有机肥施用对白菜产量以及土壤磷素组成状况的影响,并分析了土壤测试磷与磷素径流流失潜能的关系。结果表明:施用磷肥和有机肥均显著增加白菜的产量,单施不同量磷肥白菜产量增幅18.1%～23.396,单施不同量有机肥白菜产量增幅15.3%～17.7%,单位无机磷对白菜的增产量随磷肥用量增加而逐渐减少;各施肥处理之间白菜产量均无显著差异。施用磷肥显著提高土壤无机磷和全磷含量,施用有机肥显著提高土壤有机磷和全磷含量,相同磷肥用量条件下,增施M_1(75 c/hm~2)、M_2(150 t/hm~2),有机磷含量平均增加为17.6 mg/kg和26.0 mg/kg。施用磷肥和有机肥显著增加土壤Olsen-P、水溶性磷、生物有效磷含量;土壤Olsen -P与水溶性磷和生物有效磷呈显著正相关关系。施用磷肥和有机肥均显著增加土壤灌溉滞留水中可溶态磷的含量,土壤Olsen-P、水溶性磷与灌溉滞留水中可溶态磷呈极显著正相关关系。

Effects of phosphate fertilizer and manure applications on the yield of Chinese cabbage and the runoff loss of phosphorus

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of Chinese cabbage yields to the application rates of phosphate fertilizer and manure and to quantify the relation between the soil residual phosphorus and the potential runoff loss of phosphorus.In contrast to the control(P_0), phosphate fertilizations and manure applications significantly increased the Chinese cabbage yields with 18.1%～23.3 % and 15.3 %～17.7 %,respectively;however,there was no significant dif- ference among the yields of different phosphorus fertilization treatments,which indicated a declining trend between the increase of yield and phosphorus fertilization rate.Soil total phosphorus was in- creased by phosphate fertilization and manure application compared to P_0,where the inorganic phos- phorus pool was increased mainly by phosphate fertilization,and organic phosphorus pool was in- creased by manure application(75 t/hm~2 in M_1 and 150 t/hm~2 in M_2).Meanwhile the soil Olsen-P, water soluble P and bio-available P were significantly increased in comparison with the P_0,and the positive relations among these variables were obtained.In addition,the dissolved phosphorus cont- ent in the runoff water was also increased by phosphate fertilization and manure application,which was in positive relation to the soil Olsen-P and water soluble P.