3种水旱两熟轮作制养分运筹研究进展

以中国长江流域的3个主要水旱两熟轮作制稻-麦、稻-油和稻-玉为研究对象,分析讨论了3个水旱轮作系统中化学肥料养分投入与养分运筹特性、养分投入种类、投入量以及基肥与追肥的比例等方面问题。发现长江流域水旱轮作系统中水稻季施肥量占整个系统中投入肥料总量的比例在稻-玉轮作系统中较低(47.8%),在稻-油轮作制中基本持平(51.4%),而在稻-麦轮作制中较高(54.7%)。与其他2种轮作制相比较,稻-玉轮作中作物总产量施肥经济效益和肥料利用效率均有明显提高,具有广阔的推广前景。

Research Progress of Nutrient Management in Three Paddy-upland Rotating Systems

Based on the investigation results of three major paddy-upland rotations (rice-wheat, rice-rapeseed and rice-maize rotation) in Yangtze River valley of China, the authors discussed the nutrient input and management characteristics, nutrient input variety, nutrient input amount and proportion of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer in these three rotations. The results showed that the fertilizer input rates and proportions for rice growing season of the three rotations were different. In rice-maize rotation, rice obtained the lowest proportion (47.8%) of the total fertilizer input, while rice obtained 51.4% and 54.7% of the total fertilizer input in rice-rapeseed rotation and rice-wheat rotation, respectively. Compared with the other two rotations, rice-maize rotation showed significant advantages on grain yield, economic benefit and fertilizer use efficiency, and this rotation system had great potential in this region in the future.