Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions |
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| Authors: | W Oßwald F Fleischmann D Rigling A C Coelho A Cravador J Diez R J Dalio M Horta Jung H Pfanz C Robin G Sipos A Solla T Cech A Chambery S Diamandis E Hansen T Jung L B Orlikowski J Parke S Prospero S Werres |
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| Institution: | 1. Technische Universit?t München, Section Pathology of Woody Plants, , Freising, Germany;2. WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, , Birmensdorf, Switzerland;3. Centro de Investiga??o em Química do Algarve (CIQA), University of Algarve, , Faro, Portugal;4. Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, , Faro, Portugal;5. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid‐INIA, , Palencia, Spain;6. Applied Botany, University of Duisburg‐Essen, , Essen, Germany;7. INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, , F‐33402 Cestas, France;8. Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West‐Hungary, , Sopron, Hungary;9. Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, , Plasencia, Spain;10. Federal Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, , Vienna, Austria;11. Department of Life Sciences, Second University of Naples, , Caserta, Italy;12. Laboratory of Forest Pathology & Mycology, Forest Research Institute, , Thessaloniki, Greece;13. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR, USA;14. Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, , Brannenburg, Germany;15. Institute of Horticulture, , Skierniewice, Poland;16. Julius Kühn Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, , Braunschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This review comprises both well‐known and recently described Phytophthora species and concentrates on Phytophthora–woody plant interactions. First, comprehensive data on infection strategies are presented which were the basis for three models that explain invasion and spread of Phytophthora pathogens in different woody host plants. The first model describes infection of roots, the second concentrates on invasion of the trunk, and the last one summarizes infection and invasion of host plants via leaves. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular data, scenarios are suggested which explain the sequences of reactions that occur in susceptible and tolerant plants following infections of roots or of stem bark. Particular emphasis is paid to the significance of Phytophthora elicitins for such host–pathogen interactions. The overall goal is to shed light on the sequences of pathogenesis to better understand how Phytophthora pathogens harm their host plants. |
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