Adrenergic and peptidergic innervation of the trachealis muscle in the normal horse: a preliminary report |
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Authors: | IM Sonea RM Bowker RV Broadstone NE Robinson |
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Institution: | a Departments of Anatomy and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;b Department of Anatomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;c Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA |
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Abstract: | The tone of respiratory smooth muscle is largely determined by the input from autonomic nerves. The distribution of adrenergic and selected nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves in the normal equine trachealis muscle was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The smooth muscle of the trachealis was found to contain numerous nerves immunoreactive for an enzymatic marker of adrenergic nerves, as well as many nerves immunoreactive for a putative NANC neurotransmitter, peptide histidine isoleucine, a potent bronchodilator. The tissues surrounding the respiratory smooth muscle contained numerous nerves immunoreactive for the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, which can cause marked vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. The complex innervation of the equine trachea should be kept in mind when interpreting the results of physiological experiments. |
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