添加羊、兔粪及稻草对猪粪堆肥腐熟进程的影响

为研究添加不同辅料对猪粪堆肥腐熟进程的影响,以猪粪为主要原料,羊粪(含3%玉米秸秆残渣)、兔粪及稻草为辅料,设定单一猪粪(CK)、70%猪粪+30%稻草(A)、85%猪粪+15%兔粪(B)、85%猪粪+15%羊粪(C)、70%猪粪+30%兔粪(D)、70%猪粪+30%羊粪(E)共6个处理进行堆肥,初始含水量均调节至65%,在室外覆膜堆肥,每隔2～5 d翻堆1次,共堆肥60 d。堆肥过程中,定期检测堆肥温度、有机质含量、pH、水分含量、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、粗灰分含量变化以及发芽率指数等参数,评价堆肥腐熟程度。结果表明:这6个处理高温(50℃以上)期持续的天数分别为2 d、17 d、8 d、10 d、8 d、11 d,水分损失量分别为19.23%、33.08%、24.92%、27.38%、28.00%、29.85%,有机质含量降幅分别为21.52%、38.53%、27.29%、31.55%、35.05%、36.22%,有机碳损失率分别为44.22%、67.54%、54.19%、57.24%、61.25%、62.63%,氮损失率分别为35.54%、32.86%、37.62%、40.81%、44.98%、44.58%,铵态氮含量最终分别为2.11 g/kg、0.35 g/kg、1.06 g/kg、0.48 g/kg、0.76 g/kg、0.32 g/kg,试验结束时的腐热度指数(GI)值分别为42.64%、69.50%、56.74%、58.67%、60.78%、64.70%。根据GI值结果,除单一猪粪处理(CK)外,其他处理均完全腐熟。由此可见,添加羊、兔粪及稻草能显著促进猪粪腐熟,其中70%猪粪+30%稻草处理的腐熟效果最好,添加羊粪的效果要优于兔粪,且添加30%比例的效果要优于添加15%比例。

Effect of sheep manure,rabbit manure and straw on pig manure composting

To analyze the effects of sheep manure(including 3% forage offal),rabbit manure or straw on composting process of pig manure,six treatments were designed including pure pig manure(CK),70%pig manure +30%straw(A),85%pig manure + 15%sheep manure(B),85%pig manure + 15%rabbit manure(C),70%pig manure + 30%sheep manure(D),70%pig manure + 30%rabbit manure(E).The moisture content of all treatments was adjusted to 65%.The compost was placed outdoors and covered with plastic cloth.The compost heaps were disturbed every 2-5 days until the 60th day.Temperature,organic matter content,pH value,moisture content,ammonium nitrogen content,nitric nitrogen content,ash content and germination index(GI) of all treatments were analyzed termly,and the compost maturity condition was evaluated.The result showed that: high temperature(50 ℃) displayed in the treatments lasted for 2 d,17 d,8 d,10 d,8 d,and 11 d days,respectively,losing rates of moisture content were 19.23%,33.08%,24.92%,27.38%,28.00%,and 29.85%,respectively,loss of organic matter were 21.52%,38.53%,27.29%,31.55%,35.05%,and 36.22%,respectively,losing rates of organic carbon were 44.22%,67.54%,54.19%,57.24%,61.25%,and 62.63%,respectively,losing rate of nitrogen were 35.54%,32.86%,37.62%,40.81%,44.98%,and 44.58%,respectively,final ammonium nitrogen contents were 2.11 g/kg,0.35 g/kg,1.06 g/kg,0.48 g/kg,0.76,and 0.32 g/kg,respectively,and final GI were 2.64%,69.50%,56.74%,58.67%,60.78%,and 64.70%,respectively.According to the experiment results,all treatments were thoroughly decomposed except CK.Sheep manure,rabbit manure and straw could promote pig manure composting effectively as additives,and treatment A(70%pig manure +30%straw) was the best one.Sheep manure(including 3% forage offal) was better than rabbit manure,and appending ratio of 30% was better than 15%.