夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分利用的影响

为给旱地夏闲期管理提供参考依据，采用大田试验，研究了夏闲期施肥与覆盖处理对旱地冬小麦土壤储水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，夏闲期施肥可明显提高播前0~100、100~200 cm土层储水量，增加了冬小麦穗数、籽粒产量和水分利用效率；不论施肥与否，地膜覆盖与纸覆盖均可提高播前底墒，增加小麦穗数和穗粒数，显著提高籽粒产量和水分利用效率，且地膜覆盖处理效果优于纸覆盖；施肥可增进覆盖的保水、增产及高效用水的作用。因此，旱地夏闲期可通过施肥与覆盖技术改善土壤水分状况，为旱地秋播作物高产创造条件。

Effect of Mulching and Fertilizer Application in Summer Fallow Period on Yield and Soil Water Use of Winter Wheat in Dryland

In order to improve water use efficiency of winter wheat in dryland, field trials was carried out to study the effect of different mulching and different fertilizer application in the summer fallow period on the soil water content, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in dryland. The results showed that to apply fertilizer in the summer fallow period could significantly increase soil water storage at depth of 0~100 cm, 100~200 cm before sowing, then could increase ear number, yield and WUE; regardless of applying fertilizer or not, both mulching of film and paper could increase soil water storage before sowing, especially at depth of 0~160 cm on condition of film mulching. Mulching could improve soil water storage at all growth stage, increase ear number and grain number per ear, and significant increase yield and WUE. The effects of film mulching was greater than that of paper mulching on holding water, increasing yield and WUE on condition of organic fertilizer. In a word, mulching and fertilization in the summer fallow period had the effects of improving soil water content, increasing yield and improving WUE. Therefore, film mulching and fertilization was recommended in the summer fallow period in dryland to reserve soil water moisture and provide a good condition for sowing in the autumn.