广东省广州市猪禽屠宰场环境沙门氏菌血清分型与耐药性分析

为了解广东省广州市屠宰环节环境中沙门氏菌血清型分布及其耐药性,对广州市大型生猪、家禽屠宰企业环境进行监控,对比分析猪禽屠宰场污染的沙门氏菌主要血清型和耐药谱。采集屠宰场的空气、土壤、污泥样品,以及运输车辆、待宰圈/舍、屠宰车间等环境拭子样品,利用沙门氏菌特异性引物进行PCR扩增和测序鉴定;通过玻片凝集法,对PCR鉴定阳性菌落进行沙门氏菌血清分型;同时,对鉴定出的沙门氏菌进行12种抗生素耐药性分析。结果显示:55个样品池中,沙门氏菌阳性检出率为18.18%;猪禽屠宰场之间沙门氏菌污染率无显著差异(P>0.05),而不同类型样品之间差异显著(P<0.05),其中排污池污泥(75.00%)、土壤(33.33%)和屠宰车间(23.53%)污染率较高;猪屠宰场沙门氏菌优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium),而禽屠宰场为肠炎沙门氏菌(S.enteritis);所有分离菌株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林2种抗生素完全抗药,对亚胺培南完全敏感,对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢噻吩、氨曲南4种抗生素高度敏感。结果表明:猪禽屠宰场环境中,沙门氏菌污染较为严重,污泥、土壤和屠宰车间是沙门氏菌污染扩散的主要环节;猪禽屠宰场污染的沙门氏菌优势血清型并不同,且环境中污染的沙门氏菌都对部分常用抗生素产生了完全抗药。结果提示:应加强猪禽屠宰环节的沙门氏菌污染控制,将污泥、土壤、屠宰车间作为日常消毒的重点;基层应针对猪禽各自的优势血清型菌株,选用高度敏感抗生素进行沙门氏菌病防治。

Serotyping of Salmonella in Slaughterhouses in Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province and Analysis on Its Antibiotic Resistance

In order to identify the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in slaughtering process in Guangzhou,Guangdong,large-scale pig and poultry slaughterhouses were monitored across the city,the main serotypes and resistant spectrum of Salmonella that infected the slaughterhouses were compared and analyzed.The environmental swab samples were collected from the air,soil,sludge,vehicles,lairages and slaughtering workshops of slaughterhouses,then PCR amplification was carried out using the specific primers of Salmonella,and the amplified products were sequenced and identified;the positive colonies identified by PCR were serotyped by slide agglutination;meanwhile,the antibiotic resistance of the identified Salmonella against 12 kinds of antibiotics was analyzed.The results showed that,for 55 sample pools,the positive rate was 18.18%;the contamination rate of Salmonella was different slightly(P>0.05)in different slaughterhouses,but obviously in various samples(P<0.05),especially higher in sludge within discharging pools(75.00%),soil(33.33%)and slaughtering workshops;the dominant serotype was Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)in pig slaughterhouses,and Salmonella enteritidis(S.enteritidis)in poultry slaughterhouses;all the isolates were fully resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin,sensitive to imipenem,and highly sensitive to ceftriaxone,ceftazidime,cefotaxine and aztreonam.In conclusion,the environments of slaughterhouses,especially sludge,soil and slaughtering workshops,were seriously infected with Salmonella with different dominant serotypes that was completely resistant to some common antibiotics.It was suggested that Salmonella should be intensively controlled in slaughtering process with a priority to routinely disinfect sludge,soil and slaughtering workshops,and prevented by use of highly sensitive antibiotics in the field aiming at corresponding dominant serotype strains.