不同地面覆盖对土壤性状和秋播大蒜产量及品质的影响

为探究秋播大蒜适宜的地面覆盖类型及其对大蒜产量的影响机制,从而为地面覆盖在大蒜高产高效栽培中的应用提供理论依据,以‘麻江红蒜’为试验材料,以不覆盖处理为对照,分别设置白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色地膜、1～2 cm和3～4 cm稻草、1～2 cm和3～4 cm稻壳共7种地面覆盖处理,分析不同处理对土壤含水量、温度和酶活性以及大蒜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:地面覆盖处理均可提高0～10 cm土层的含水量,而对10～20 cm土层的含水量影响不显著;3种地膜覆盖处理可不同程度地提高土壤温度,其中以白色地膜的增温效果最好,而稻草和稻壳覆盖处理的土壤温度与对照间差异不显著;不同处理均不同程度地提高了土壤酶活性,其中脲酶活性以白色地膜和1～2 cm稻草覆盖处理最高,酸性磷酸酶活性以白色地膜和银灰色地膜覆盖处理最高,蔗糖酶活性以白色地膜覆盖处理最高。与对照相比,白色地膜和黑色地膜覆盖处理可显著促进大蒜的植株生长,蒜薹产量和鳞茎鲜重产量均以白色地膜覆盖处理最高(367.63 kg/667m~2和653.57 kg/667m~2),黑色地膜覆盖处理次之(287.73 kg/667m~2和363.80 kg/667m~2),两者显著高于对照及其他处理;鳞茎品质总体上以白色地膜覆盖处理最好,与对照相比,其可溶性糖(192.1mg/g)、可溶性蛋白(23.67 mg/g)和大蒜素(5.13 mg/g)含量均显著提高。综合分析认为:地膜覆盖可以改善土壤含水量和温度,稻草和稻壳覆盖仅提高了土壤含水量,但不同处理均可提高土壤酶活性,促进大蒜产量和品质的提高,以白色地膜覆盖的效果最好,黑色地膜覆盖次之。

Effects of Different Ground Mulches on Soil Properties, Yield and Quality of Autumn-sown Garlic

The aim of this study is to research the effects of different ground mulchs on soil water content, temperature, enzyme activity and garlic yield and quality, and explore the suitable ground mulch types of autumn-sown garlic and its influence mechanism on garlic yield, so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of ground mulch in garlic high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation. In this study, ''Majiang red garlic'' was selected as plant material, taking no mulch as the control. 7 kinds of ground mulch treatment which including white plastic film, black plastic film, silver-gray plastic film, 1~2 cm and 3~4 cm straw, 1~2 cm and 3~4 cm rice husk, were set. The effects of different treatments on soil water content, temperature, enzyme activity and garlic yield, and quality were studied. The results show that the ground mulch treatment could increase the water content of the 0~10 cm soil layer, but had no significant effect on the water content of the 10~20 cm soil layer. Three kinds of plastic film mulch increased the soil temperature to different degrees, among which the white plastic film had the best warming effect, while the soil temperature mulched by straw and rice husk had no significant difference with the control. The enzyme activities of soil were improved in different degrees by different treatments, among them, the urease activity was highest by mulching white plastic film and 1~2 cm straw, the acid phosphatase activity was highest by mulching white plastic film and silver-gray plastic film, and the sucrase activity was highest by mulching white plastic film. Compared with the control, white and black plastic film significantly promoted the growth of garlic plants. The yield of garlic bolt and fresh weight of bulb were the highest in white plastic film (367.63 kg/667m2 and 653.57 kg/667m2), followed by black plastic film (287.73 kg/667m2 and 363.80 kg/667m2), which were significantly higher than that in control and other treatments. The best quality of bulb was mulched with white plastic film, compared with the control, its soluble sugar (19.22%), soluble protein (23.67 mg/g) and allicin (0.51%) content were significantly increased. According to the comprehensive analysis, the plastic film mulch improved the soil water content and temperature, straw and rice husk mulch only increase soil moisture content. But different treatments could increase the enzyme activity, and promoted the improvement of the yield and quality of garlic. White plastic film had the best effect, followed by black plastic film.