缓释肥及平衡施肥对干制辣椒氮磷钾吸收的影响

采用田间试验方法，研究2种缓释肥及平衡推荐施肥对干制辣椒干物质累积、经济产量、氮磷钾养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，各施肥处理较不施肥干制辣椒植株干物质累积量、经济产量及果实对氮磷钾的累积吸收量显著增加。与习惯施肥处理相比较，平衡推荐施肥、缓释复合肥及脲精施用果实干质量（或经济产量）及对氮磷钾的累积吸收量也均显著增加，其中，经济产量分别增加20.94%、17.5%和14.54%，果实氮的累积吸收量分别增加21.53%、18.46%和13.19%，果实磷的吸收量分别增加14.08%、15.76%和10.44%， 果实钾的吸收量分别增加22.66%、15.73%和16.28%，氮肥的利用率分别提高 5.84、7.14、8.33个百分点，磷肥的利用率分别提高 3.32、3.27、2.47个百分点，但是由于钾的投入量增大，而导致钾肥的利用效率降低，而且氮肥、磷肥总体利用率偏低。同时，平衡推荐施肥及2种缓释肥能减少氮的施用量20%~50%，从而降低环境污染的风险，缓释肥还可以减少施肥次数而显著降低劳动力成本，符合社会节能减排、节本增效和环境保护的多重目的。

Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer and Balance Fertilization on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake of Dried Peppers

The field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two kinds of slow-release fertilizer and balance-recommended fertilization on dry matter accumulation, output, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and fertilizer use efficiency of dried pepper.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of dried pepper plant and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake amount of fruit increased significantly under the conditions of various fertilization, compared with no fertilizer. Compared to conventional fertilization, the dried pepper economic output increased significantly and separately by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, the nitrogen uptake amount of dried pepper fruit increased by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake amount increased by 14.08%,15.76% and 10.44%, and potassium uptake amount increased by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28% under the conditions of balance-recommended fertilizer, slow release compound fertilizer and urea refined (slow release nitrogen fertilizer). And the fertilizer nitrogen utilization increased by 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33%, respectively, the fertilizer phosphorus utilization increased by 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47%, respectively. However, the utilization of fertilizer potassium reduced due to the increasing of potassium input, and fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus utilization was low too, so further study was needed. And the nitrogen application could reduce by 20%-50% under the conditions of balance-recommended fertilization and two kinds of slow-release fertilizer, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution. Slow-release fertilizer could also reduce the frequency of application, and greatly reduce the labor costs, so they were in favor of energy saving, the cost-saving and environment protection.