不同生育期干旱对花生生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】 研究不同生长时期干旱胁迫下花生生长发育、光合特性及干物质分配间的关系,分析干旱胁迫对花生生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】 以花育25号、花育33号为材料,分析农艺性状、光合特性、抗旱特性等指标。【结果】 (1)干旱对开花期的开花量影响显著;(2)干旱胁迫过程中,参试品种叶片的主要光合特性均降低,其中胞间CO₂浓度下降达2倍以上;(3)干旱严重影响花生的干物质量,各个生育期花生根、果针、幼果的干物质量下降均超过50%;(4)抗旱指标中抗旱系数、抗旱指数均表现出苗期>结荚期>花针期>全生育期,干旱伤害指数与抗旱系数、抗旱指数相反。【结论】 花针期是干旱胁迫最敏感时期,其次为结荚期和全生育期干旱,而苗期对干旱最不敏感,栽培中应保证花针期和结荚期花生充足的土壤水分,及时采取灌溉措施,以保证花生产量的增加。

Effects of Drought at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Yield of Peanut

【Objective】 To explore the relationship among peanut growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter distribution under drought stress in different growth periods and study the effects of drought stress on peanut growth and yield.【Methods】 The agronomic characters, photosynthetic characteristics and drought resistance characteristics were analyzed by using Huayu 25 and Huayu 33.【Result】 The results showed that:(1) Significant effect of drought on flowering during flowering.(2) During drought stress, the main photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of the tested varieties were reduced, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased by more than 2 times. (3) Drought severely affected the dry matter of peanuts, and the dry matter quality of peanut roots, needles, and young fruits in the whole growth stages were decreased by more than 50%. (4) In the drought resistance index, the drought resistance index and drought resistance index all showed seedling stage > pod-setting period > flower needle period > full growth period. The drought injury index was opposite to the drought coefficients and drought resistance index.【Conclusion】 Flowering needle stage is the most sensitive period of drought stress, followed by the drought during the pod-bearing period and the full growth period, while seedling stage is the least sensitive to drought. During cultivation, sufficient soil moisture should be ensured during the flowering and pod-bearing periods and irrigation measures should be taken in time to ensure the increase of peanut yield.