天山西部云杉林群落数量分类与排序

【目的】研究植物群落的数量分类和排序,分析植物群落与环境之间的关系,为新疆天山云杉林保护、天山西部山区森林群落更新恢复评价提供支撑。【方法】 以天山西部国有林管理局巩留分局恰西森林公园为试验点,天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica)林为研究对象,基于群落学调查和环境因子测定数据,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)对天山西部云杉群落进行分类,冗余分析(RDA)方法对物种分布进行排序,分析物种群落的类型和特征以及与环境因子之间的关系。【结果】 物种群落分为8组,群落中乔木层以天山云杉为优势种,天山花楸鲜有分布;灌木层植被较少,存在少量伊犁忍冬;草本层中主要以塔什克羊角芹、白花车轴草、羽衣草、早熟禾和弹裂碎米芥等为优势种,且分布较广泛。影响天山云杉林群落分布的主要环境因子是采伐强度、坡度、海拔、郁闭度和坡向。其中,环境变量对森林群落格局解释率占40.8%,采伐强度对森林群落格局解释率占4.9%,两者共同解释率占39.64%,未解释的部分占14.69%。【结论】 天山西部云杉林划分为8个群落类型,采伐强度因子与环境因子共同影响群落分布格局,天然林得到了较好的恢复,森林资源状况得到改善,生态状况由持续恶化向逐步改善转变。

Classification and Piceaschrenkiana var tianschanica forest communities in western Tianshan Mountains

【Objective】 The quantitative classification and ranking of plant communities can objectively reveal the relationship between plant communities and the environment, which provides theoretical basis for the protection and sustainable management of Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica forest in Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains, it also supports for the evaluation of the renewal and restoration of forest communities in the western mountainous areas of the Tianshan Mountains after the implementation of the natural forest protection project.【Methods】 This paper took QiaXi Forest Park of Gongliu branch of state-owned forest administration in Western Tianshan Mountain as the research site and the spruce forest as the research object, based on the data of community investigation and environmental factors measurement, Two-way indicator species analysis was used to classify the spruce communities in the Western Tianshan Mountains, the redundancy analysis method was used to rank the species distribution, aimed to reveal the types and characteristics of the species communities and the relationship among environmental factors.【Results】 TWINSPAN classification divided the species community into 8 groups. In the tree layer, Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica forest was the dominant species, Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. was rarely distributed; in the shrub layer, there was less vegetation and a small amount of Lonicera tatarica L.; in the herb layer, the dominant species was Aegopodium tadshikorum, Trifolium repens Linn, Alchemilla japonica, Poa nemoralis L. and Cardamine impatiens, and they were widely distributed. The RDA ranking showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of the Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica community were cutting intensity, slope, altitude, canopy closure and slope direction. Among them, environmental variables accounted for 40.8%, cutting intensity accounted for 4.9%, both accounted for 39.64%, and the unexplained part accounted for 14.69%.【Conclusion】 The Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica forest in the Western Tianshan Mountains was divided into eight community types. The cutting intensity factor and environmental factors jointly affect the community distribution pattern. The implementation of the natural forest conservation project made the natural forest recover well, the status of forest resources had been improved, and the ecological situation had changed from continuous deterioration to gradual improvement.