低分子有机酸喷施对辣椒生长、养分吸收、产量及果实品质的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究叶面喷施6种低分子有机酸和1种有机酸钾对辣椒生长、养分吸收、产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明，喷施有机酸增大辣椒株高和茎粗，减少根系干质量，促进植株地上部分的生长。但是有机酸喷施对土壤N、P、K元素的吸收无显著影响，并且减少N、P在果实中的分配率。甲酸、乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸钾处理显著提高辣椒产量，而且乙酰丙酸钾处理获得最高产量（99.5 g/株），乙酰丙酸次之（98.2 g/株）。有机酸喷施对总果数、红果数、单果质量、单果干质量和果型指数的影响不显著。乙酸、丙酸和柠檬酸处理显著增大辣椒可食部分比例。草酸处理显著提高辣椒果实中可溶性糖含量，并降低粗纤维含量。乙酰丙酸和乙酰丙酸钾处理显著提高果实中维生素C和淀粉的含量以及辣椒的色价。综合分析表明，乙酰丙酸钾喷施对辣椒产量和品质的提高作用最佳。

Effects of Low-molecular Organic Acids Spray on Growth, Nutrient Uptake,Yield and Fruit Quality of Hot Pepper

Six low-molecular organic acids and one organic potassium were sprayed on foliage of pepper plants in pot experiment,and their effects on plant growth,nutrient uptake,yield and fruit quality of hot pepper were investigated. The results showed that organic acids spray increased plant height and stem diameter,reduced root dry mass,promoting the growth of aboveground plants. But organic acids spray had no significant impacts on the uptake of N,P,K in soil,and decreased the distribution rates of N,P in fruits. Formic acid,levulinic acid and potassium levulinate treatments significantly enhanced pepper yield,and potassium levulinate treatment got the highest yield (99.5 g/plant),followed by levulinic acid (98.2 g/plant). The impacts of organic acids spray on total fruit number,red fruit number,single fruit mass,single fruit dry mass and fruit shape index were insignificant. Acetic acid,propionic acid and citric acid treatments significantly increased edible part of hot peppers. Oxalic acid treatment significantly increased soluble sugar content and reduced crude fiber content in pepper fruits. Levulinic acid and potassium levulinate treatments significantly increased the contents of starch and vitamin C in pepper fruits,and the color value unite of hot pepper. Comprehensive analysis indicates that potassium levulinate spray had the best effects on improving yield and quality of hot pepper.