高产玉米杂交种产量构成因素和穗部性状研究

为玉米的高产栽培和育种提供依据。在同样的施肥和管理条件下,研究产量不同的16个玉米杂交种产量构成三要素和穗部性状与产量的关系,总结出高产玉米杂交种应具有的穗部特征。在产量达到高产要求的5个玉米杂交种中,4个产量较高杂交种的穗粒数都在500粒/穗左右,属中大穗型玉米杂交种,只有豫玉22为大穗型杂交种(穗粒数为580粒/穗),而穗粒数在450粒/穗以下的中小穗型杂交种没有一个产量超过11 250 kg/hm2。高产玉米杂交种具有单位面积粒数和千粒重均高的双重优势;在穗部性状中,穗行数对产量的影响较大,相对于大穗型品种,中大穗玉米杂交种更易获得高产,而小穗型品种则难以获得较高的产量。

Study on the Yield Component Factors and Ear Characters of High-yield Maize Hybrid

To provide basis for high-yield cultivation and breeding of maize,under conditions of the same fertilization and management,the relationship between factors of yield component factors and ear characters in 16 maize hybrids were studied and the ear characters for high yield maize hybrid were summarized.Among 5 maize hybrids whose yield reached the need of high yield,4 maize hybrids with higher yield had the grains per ear about 500 grains/ear,belonging to the middle-big type hybrids and only Yuyu 22 was big type hybrid,with the grains per ear of about 580 grains/ear.In the middle-small type hybrids with the grains per ear below 450 grains/ear,there was no any hybrid that had yield beyond 11 250 kg/hm2.The high-yield maize hybrid had double dominance in grains per unit area and 1 000-grain weight.In the ear characters,ears per row had greater effect on the yield.As for big type variety,the middle-big type hybrids were easier to obtain high yield and the small type hybrids were difficult to obtain high yield.