单粒精播模式下种植密度对花生群体生态特征及产量的影响

为了阐明单粒精播花生高产栽培原理，以普通型花生品种“鲁花11号”为研究材料，采用穴播单粒，系统研究了不同种植密度下花生群体生态特征的变化及产量效益，确定了适宜的精播密度。结果表明，花生植株的主茎高度、侧茎长度均呈低密度范围内（13.5-19.5万株?hm-2）随密度增加而增加的变化趋势，但主、侧茎节数呈减少趋势。同时，适宜密度单粒精播可增加穴数，改善单株生长环境，植株间相互影响小，有利于塑造丰产株型，提高光能利用效率。在本试验条件下，花生单粒精播适宜的种植密度为20万粒（穴）?hm-2左右。研究认为，在一定密度范围内，花生单粒精播一方面有节种作用，另一方面又有增产效果，二者结合会带来更大效益，是取得花生高产高效的一项可行技术。

Effects of different planting densities on population ecological characteristics and yield of peanut under the mode of single-seed precision sowing

In order to clarify the high yield cultivation principle of peanut under single seed precision sowing pattern, choosing the common type peanut variety ‘Luhua 11’ as experimental materiel, a systematic study was conducted on the changes of population ecological characteristics and yield benefit of peanut under different densities, and determined the appreciate density of single seed precision sowing. The results showed that the height of main stem and the length of branching stem of peanut showed an increase trend with the add of the density in the low density range (13.5-19.5 ten thousand plant?hm-2), while the node numbers of main and branching stems indicated a decrease trend. And also under the mode of single-seed precision sowing, the sowing-hole number increased, single plant environment was better, and the mutual influence among the plants was small, which was benefit to shape the high-yield plant type, and to improve light use efficiency of peanut. Therefore, under the conditions of this study, 20 ten thousand seed?hm-2 would be recommended for the appreciate density of single seed precision sowing of peanut. It concluded that in a certain density range, on the one hand, single seed precision sowing of peanut had seed-saving role, on the other hand, it had yield-increasing effect, and moreover, a combination of both will bring greater benefits, which is a feasible technology to obtain high productivity and efficiency of peanut.